... who put de cartes before da horse!
To quote Levi:
'But to say "I think, therefore I exist" is to assume the consequent of the principle, and recent objections raised by a great writer have sufficiently proven the philosophical imperfection of this method. "I am, therefore something exists," seems to us a more primal and simple basis for experimental philosophy.' - Doctrine and Ritual of High Magic - translation by Greer & Mikituk
In his commentary of Chapter 1, Greer explained:
'To begin with, we encounter René Descartes’ famous dictum, “I think, therefore I am.” That bit of prose has been misunderstood considerably in recent years, so it’s helpful to review its meaning here. Descartes in his philosophical reflections was trying to find something he could not doubt, which he could then use as a foundation for philosophy. It occurred to him that the fact that he was doubting implied that there had to be a René Descartes to do the doubting, and so he had his foundation: his own experience of himself as a conscious, reflecting, individual being. That was the birth certificate of modern philosophy, and the entire trajectory of modern Western philosophical thought from Descartes to Deleuze traces out the way that this core idea was explored, developed, challenged, affirmed, rejected, reframed, and eventually reduced to self-negating gibberish.
'Lévi chose a different approach. The divine name that the God of Israel revealed to Moses in the Book of Exodus was אהיה אשר אהיה , Ehyeh asher Ehyeh, “I am that I am.” Lévi applies the same principle more generally: being is being, what exists is what exists. More formally, what you experience exists as an experience, whatever other modes of existence may be hypothesized for it. The basic formula of existentialism—“existence precedes essence”—could almost be Lévi’s formula as well, though he refuses to predicate anything of experience besides the simple fact that it happens, and he doesn’t mope, as the existentialists did, because experience refuses to provide him with the certainties they pined for.
'And thought, the form of experience that Descartes took as his standpoint? Thought is the word,
le verbe, which Mark and I agreed to translate as “the verb” to catch both the meanings of the French word. Less tersely, thought is speech, the net of language in which we try however clumsily to catch what exists. It is always secondary to, and dependent on, the primary reality of experience. When Descartes used the net in an attempt to prove the existence of fish—well, the joke is inescapable: he put Descartes before the horse. The fact that there was definitely an experience being had didn’t prove that some essentially René Descartesish entity was having it, and it certainly didn’t justify the grandiose edifice he built atop that shaky foundation.' -
When I think of 'parasites' in the astral or etheric planes, I imagine fragments of thoughts or emotions left behind, imprinted upon a place by certain events which leave a profound resonance. A violent death or suicide in a particular location, for example, could leave behind an imprint which affects people who enter the place to varying degrees. Now, if someone was already depressed and resonated deeply with that imprint, they could 'carry it on' within themselves by allowing that thought or emotional pattern to continue after they've left the area. I think the so-called moral aspect comes in when one attempts to deal with negative feelings in ways that damage health and adversely affect others. People use drugs and alcohol to suppress negative feelings, and the consequences to health and relationships are often negative, thus reinforcing the internal problem, 'feeding the parasite' if you will.