The concept is as old as time Herself...
In the Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian texts (around 4,000 years ago), we find references to female air spirits (lilu or lilītu) and male ones (ardat-lilî). These words derive from the term lil (“air”), as in Enlil, the lord of the air. They were not unique characters but rather a type of entity.
It is in the 10th century, in a Hebrew satirical text called The Alphabet of Ben Sira, that the myth of Lilith appears as Adam’s rebellious wife (let us remember the context that it was a satire). It is here that the figure of Lilith as we know her today first arises.
There is a surprising amount of antisemitic sentiment in this thread. Regardless, I'll do what I can to shed light on the subject. Even if some of you may irrationally hate me and refuse to accept anything I post. Hopefully, it will be of use and meaning to those with a desire to learn.
Please, keep in mind that these myths and stories are not only meant to be considered literally but also metaphorically, allegorically, mystically, etc.
To start, a slight correction:
Ardat-Lili is not a male spirit. It is a female spirit of a young woman that died before experiencing marital bliss/conjugal fulfillment. I.e. a spirit of unfulfilled passion, which is later reflected in the story of Adam and Lilith/Havah Rishonah, Yes, Eve is actually Lilith and vice versa...) where their union is interrupted by Adam wanting to be dominant.
It is taught, in the mystical tradition of the Hebrews, that God had to create Eve three separate times, the first two failed and Adam was disturbed, having been conscious to behold the process. It wasn't until the third time, when God caused Adam to sleep, that he was able to create Eve in a way that Adam could accept. Having fled from the vessel of Eve, Lilith took up her residence in/with the serpent upon the tree, beckoning to Eve, her former estate, to kick off the tumult of creation through rebelliousness, i.e. consuming/bearing fruit, of which she was so desirous to know and do. One might note the parallels here to the Gnostic stories of Eve, Sophia, Zoe, Noria, and
Elilith Eleleth, And those of you who know will understand.
To explain the issue of God creating Adam and Eve as male and female followed by Adam being alone in the garden, the Hebrew term "Adam" means "mankind," not merely the name of a single person but also all of humanity. In this sense, when God created humanity, He created them "male and female" and placed them in the garden (the world) as a compound unity. Lurianic Kabbalah teaches that God separated Adam and Eve through a process of Nesirah "sawing" them apart so that they could reunite as two separate beings. This is a reflection of God creating the universe in a space cleaved out of His own being.
Returning to the historical mythos: there is also another specific entity that often gets syncretized with ardat-lili that some believe is separate. She is called kiskillilla, and she is described as a vampiric/seductive night demon that screeches, associated with sacred birds like the owl/raven/dove (which were often sacrificed to the corresponding goddesses, as we will soon see)... Weirdly enough, Kilili is related as a name of Ishtar, who is said to be the queen of heaven and the queen of windows/openings, she who "leans out of windows," a demon who cries at the windows of "mushirtu" i.e. a harlot/unfaithful person. She is syncretized with Aphrodite/Venus who was "borrowed" from Phoenicia and known alternatively in different cultures by various names, not the least of which were: Astarte, Ashtoreth/Astaroth, Atargatis, Asherah, Anat, Allat, Allah/Eloah, Ima Ilaah, Anathoth, Attar, Artemis/Diana, Athena/Minerva, Metis, Cybele, Absu/Absusu, Asiya, Beltis, Belat, Bat/Batyah, Baalat, Baaltis, Kadesh/tu, Naamah, Ninmah, Ninhursag, Inanna, Ishtahar, Sukkoth Benoth, Shaddai, Neith, Nut, Isis, Tanith, Hera/Juno, Manat, Rahav, Kallah, Kilili, Kali, Zulaikha, Asenath, Sarpanit/Zarpanitu, Sheba, Babel/Babylon, Babalon, Miriam/Mary, among so many others.
And before people get all upset, you can find sources for these:
The Mythology of All Races - Vol. 5 - Semitic by Stephen H. Langdon of Oxford University
The Routledge Dictionary of Gods, Goddesses, Devils, and Demons by Manfred Lurker
Spirits, Fairies, Leprechauns, and Gnomes, An Encyclopedia by Carol Rose
The Mandeans include Zahr'il, a "lilith/lilita" in their Right Ginza, committed to writing (based on older oral tradition) circa
300 CE - 700 CE, and lilith is found on demon lists and incantation bowls dated between
5th-8th century CE.
We can also discuss Namaah/Norea/Noria/Horaia/Oraia (etymologically derived from nura - "fire" and n-ohrah "light") attributed to the Sethian Gnostics described in
The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, circa
375 CE. You can see there all the errors he made regarding this figure and his interpretations of the Gnostic mythos surrounding her. There are clear etymological patterns which demonstrate that Norea is indeed Naamah bat Lamech, a firey and rebellious woman descended from the lineage of Cain who was vilified/demonized as enticing and seducing angelic beings and archons... This same Naamah is later called the mother of demons, a seductress, etc.
There is mention of Lilith as a specific spiritual entity in the Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q510–511) Songs of The Sage and as a category of creatures in the Great Isaiah Scroll (1Q1Isa),
circa 100 BCE. Not to mention that it is known in the Kabbalistic tradition that Lilith is not only a specific archetypal entity but also a category of entities called Lilim/Lilin or Liliyoth. The term Lilith is also mentioned in the Hebrew text of the book of Isaiah. Asherah, Ashtoreth, and Sukkoth Benoth are also mentioned in the bible...
In the Lurianic/Kabbalistic tradition, Lilith is understood as the primordial chaotic void, associated with Tohu/Chaos. She is the supernal night (Lilah Ila'ah) and void within which God created the world by re-introducing light. Making her the same as Hekate/Sophia, the Anima Mundi/World Soul, Chayah Rishonah, the first "creation" and the first life, mother of all things. Why? Because God had a burning
desire to create a world... She is the inverse side of the Shekina, also known as the matrona or matronita (sharing an etymological root with her attendant Metatron, explained in Sefer Masekhet Atzilut), whose "feet go down to death/sheol." When the feminine aspect of attraction, sensuality, envelopment, is unrequited, abused, misused, it leads to destruction and death. The same impulses which can lead to a healthy, wholesome, nurturing mother, can also lead astray to death. This is why Lilith and her various manifestations can be associated to both protecting and killing. Guarding or destroying women, pregnancies, babies, and men.
The very same mythic figures of seductive and or kidnapping sirens, mermaids, fairies, elves, etc. can be found in many cultures all around the world and throughout all of human history. Entities that sway spiritual/unconscious influences, craving bodies, to be born and expressed in the physical world.
So to pretend that the rabbis just "invented" this entity is patently absurd and demonstrably false.
I should also mention that Ben Sirach being a work of satire does not at all invalidate its significance in the mystical tradition. Even if it is full of references to autoeroticism, incest, flatulence, and lack of respect for religious
authorities. We do enjoy our humor, and it is often deployed carrying weighty lessons.
I'm not a black magician, nor a bitter warlock, desert or otherwise. I don't work directly with lilim or lilith or anything like that. I also don't particularly care about soul enslavement, mythic curses, distorting, engineering, or programming others into subservience. Trust me, people are far more skilled at doing that to themselves than I could ever hope to be, much to my dismay.