Journal My Compendium of God(desse)s

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 11, 2024

This is the rough draft, which is a hodge podge of my Neophyte grade work written assignment, strewn from various Wikipedia articles, and excerpts or names and detail from Bibliography resources. There is mainly Near East Gods and Goddesses, but plan to expand to cover the seven continents of larger countries gods and goddesses. This is not praise for the goetia, even though many claim they are "forgotten gods and goddesses of X origin". While this may be true, I will be presenting from a mainly anthropological view, not a pro-goet view. After the Near East, the next target is Greco Roman.

The rough draft:
A Complete List of Deities, Gods and Goddesses – Douglas James Cameron

Started Tuesday 10-18-2022 14:00 (Mars Day, Jupiter hour)
Sol 25d20’ Lib
Lun 6d35’ Leo
Mer
Sat 18d36’ R Aqu
Jup 0d56’ R Ari

Finished 12-30-2024
Sol
Lun
Mer
Sat
Jup

• After familiarizing yourself with the Neophyte ritual, take note that there are sub- tleties that may be further conveyed by studying the Egyptian gods that participate in it.  
For this Neophyte grade, fill up one page for each deity with the following information:
• Near East, Greek, Roman, African, Egyptian, American, and Celtic names of the god 
• Illustration of the deity's most common form (drawn or cut and pasted)
• Force of nature to which the god corresponds 
• Aspects of civilization the god governs 
• The officer in the Neophyte ritual who wears this godform 
• The part of the candidate's psyche the god might represent 
• Various titles given to the god in Ethnic (primarily Egyptian and Greek) and Hermetic literature 
• Position(s) on the Tree of Life where the god would be most at home
You may wish to continue adding to this book throughout your future studies as your knowledge deepens.
If you like, add the gods of other pantheons that interest you.

Let us first turn to Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization
List of Mesopotamian Deities (Wikipedia, primarily)

NAME ALTERNATE NAMES RULES
An Anu, Eanna, Anum Equatorial sky
Enlil Ellil, Nunamnir Northern Sky
Enki Nudimmud, Ninshiku, Ea Southern Sky
Marduk Jupiter
Ashur Assur, Anshar, Bel
Nabu Mercury
Nanna Enzu, Zuen, Suen, Sin, Ekisnugal Luna
Utu Shamash, E-Babbar Sol
Inanna Ishtar, Eanna Venus
Ninhursag Damgalnuna, Ninmah, E-Mah
Ninurta Ningursu, E-Su-Mesa, Kalhu Saturn
Nergal E-Meslam Mars
Dumuzid Tammuz Earth
Ereshkigal Kutha HYDRA
Gula E-Gal-Mah Healing Goddess
Ninisina Nintzinugga, Ninkarrak, E-Gal-Mah Healing Goddess
Bau Healing Goddess
Ishkur Adad, Hadad Weather God
Istaran King of Der Justice God
Nanaya CORONA BOREALIS
Nanshe Goddess of Divination
Ninazu Goddess of Social Justice
Ninlil
Ninshubur ORION
Nisaba
Zababa God of War

Primordial Mesopotamian Deities
Abzu Apsu Subterranean Primeval Waters
Alala Alalu
Belili
Anshar
Ninamakallah
Kishar
Duri Eternal time as a prime force in creation.
Dari Eternal time as a prime force in creation.
Enki
Ninki
Enmesharra
Lugaldukuga
Endukuga
Nammu
Ki
Tiamat
Alammush “Suitable for justice like Utu”
Ama-arhus Ninama’arhussu, Lady, Compassionate Mother.
Amasagnudi “Mother who cannot be pushed aside”
Amashilama Leech Goddess.
Antu
Annunitum The Martial One Warrior Goddess
Asarluhi Marduk, God of Magical Knowledge
Ashgi
Aruru Violent Goddess connected to vegetation
Aya Sherida Goddess of Dawn
Bel-Sarbi Lord of the Poplar Underworld Deity
Belet-Seri Mistress of the Steppe Underworld goddess
Bilgames Gilgamesh, “Divine brother”, “friend” Underworld ferryman
Birtum “Fetter”, “Shackle” Prison god
Bitu Neti Gatekeeper
Bizilla Love goddess
Bunene Charioteer of Utu
Damu Dumuzid God of Healing
Dingirma “Exalted deity”
Dumuzi-abzu
Duttur Pastoralism/livestock goddess
Emesh God of farming
Enbilulu Ninbilulu, Bilulu God of irrigation
Enkimdu “Lord of dike and carnal” Shepherd & irrigation god
Enilazi Superintendent of Ekur
Ennugi Gugalanna, “lord of ditch and canal”, “chamberlain of Enlil”
Enten Shepherd God
Erra Nergal War deity associated with pestilence and violence.
Erragal Errakal, Erra, Nergal Destructive storm god
Ezina Ashnan, Kusu Goddess of grain
Gareus
Gazbaba Nanaya, Sayahattu “the smiling one”, kazbu Erotic love goddess
Geshtinanna Scribe
Gibil Deification of fire
Gugalanna Ennugi, “canal inspector for An” Underworld deity
Gunura
Gatamdug Bau, “founder and mother of city Lagash”
Haya God of scribes
Hegir Hegirnunna, “maid of the lofty way” Goddess of travel
Hendursaga God of street safety
Humhum
Idlurugu “The river that receives/confronts man” God of trial by ordeal
Igalima
Ilaba
Ilabrat “Personal attendant of Anu”
Ishmekarab Judge God
Irnina Goddess of Victory
Isimud Usmu, “Personal attendant of Enki” Messenger of Enki
Ishum Hendersaga Watchman/Protector over night
Kabta
Kakka
Kanisurra Gansurra, “lady of the scorceresses” Goddess of sorcery
Ki Ki-Urash Earth Goddess
Kittum “Truth”
Kus God of Herdsmen
Kusu “The duck is the bird of Kusu” Goddess of Purification
Lagamar “No mercy”, Ishmekarab, Urash Underworld God
Laguda Sirsir, Lugul’abba Lower Sea, Persian Gulf God
Lahar God of Sheep
Las Goddess of healing
Lisin A SCORPONIS Star
Lugula’abba “Lord of the Sea” Sea God, Underworld God
Lugulbanda King of Shepherds
Lugul-Irra Door keeper, gate keeper GEMINI
Meslamta-ea Door keeper, gate keeper GEMINI
Lulal Lattarrak, “Master of the open country” Warrior, Animal God
LUM-ma “Gendarme demon par excellence” Underworld Demon
Mami Mama, Ninhursag Mother Goddess

List of Cannanite Deities
NAME ALTERNATE NAMES RULES
• Aglibol, god of the moon and brother of Malakbel. Part of a trio of gods of Palmyra, Syria along with Bel and Yarhibol. Also part of another trio with Baalshamin and Malakbel.
• Anat, virgin goddess of war and strife, sister and putative mate of Ba'al Hadad.
• Arsay, goddess of the underworld, one of the three daughters of Ba'al Hadad.
• Arsu, god of the evening star and twin brother of Azizos.
• Ashtar-Chemosh, wife of Chemosh and goddess of the Moabites.
• Asherah, queen consort of El (Ugaritic religion), Elkunirsa (Hittite religion), Yahweh (Israelite religion), Amurru (Amorite religion), Anu (Akkadian religion) and 'Amm (Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia)[4] Symbolized by an Asherah pole in the Hebrew Bible.
• Ashima, goddess of fate
• Astarte, goddess of war, hunting and love.
• Atargatis, wife of Hadad, goddess of fertility and the chief goddess of northern Syria
• Attar, god of the morning star ("son of the morning") who tried to take the place of the dead Baal and failed. Male counterpart of Athtart.
• Azizos, god of the morning star and twin brother of Arsu.
• Baalah, properly Baʿalah, the wife or female counterpart of Baal (also Belili)[5]
• Ba'alat Gebal, goddess of Byblos, Phoenicia. She was distinguished in iconography from Astarte or similar goddesses by two tall, upright feathers in her headdress.[citation needed]
• Ba'al Hadad (lit. master of thunder), god of storms, thunder, lightning and air. King of the gods. Uses the weapons Driver and Chaser in battle. Often referred to as Baalshamin.[6]
• Ba'al Hermon, titular local deity of Mount Hermon.
• Baal Hammon, god of vegetative fertility and renewer of all energies of Ancient Carthage
• Baalshamin also called Baal Shamem and Baal Shamaim, supreme sky god of Palmyra, Syria whose temple was destroyed on 23 August 2015 by ISIL. His attributes were the eagle and the lightning bolt. Part of trinity of deities along with Aglibol and Malakbel.[7]
• Baal-zephon or Baalzephon, properly Baʿal Zaphon or Ṣaphon. Alternate form of Baal Hadad as lord of Mount Zaphon.
• Bel, or Bol,[8] was the chief god of Palmyra, Syria whose temple was destroyed on August 30, 2015, by ISIL.[9]
• Chemosh, possibly one of the sons of El, a god of war and destruction and the national god of the Moabites and the Ammonites.
• Dagon (Dagan) god of crop fertility and grain, father of Ba'al Hadad
• El, also called 'Il or Elyon ("Most High"), god of creation, husband of Athirat.[c][d]
• Eretz, goddess of the earth
• Eshmun, god, or as Baalat Asclepius, goddess, of healing
• Gad, god of fortune
• Horon, an underworld god, co-ruler of the underworld, twin brother of Melqart, a son of Mot. Bethoron in Israel, takes its name from Horon.[citation needed]
• Ishara, a goddess of Eblaite origin
• Ishat, goddess of fire, wife of Moloch. She was slain by Anat.[11][12][13]
• Kotharat, seven goddesses of marriage and pregnancy
• Kothar-wa-Khasis, the skilled god of craftsmanship, created Yagrush and Aymur (Driver and Chaser) the weapons used by the god Ba'al Hadad.
• Lotan, the twisting, seven-headed serpent ally of Yam.
• Malakbel, god of the sun, vegetation, welfare, angel of Bel and brother of Agilbol. Part of a trinity of deities in Palmyra, Syria along with Aglibol and Baalshamin.
• Manuzi, god of weather and husband of Liluri. Bulls were sacrificed to both of them.
• Marqod, god of dance
• Melqart, "king of the city", god of Tyre, the underworld and cycle of vegetation in Tyre, co-ruler of the underworld, twin brother of Horon and son of Mot.
• Milcom, national god of the Ammonites.
• Misor, twin brother of Sydyk.
• Moloch, putative god of fire, husband of Ishat,[15] may be identified with Milcom.
• Mot or Mawat, god of death (not worshiped or given offerings)
• Nikkal-wa-Ib, goddess of orchards and fruit
• Pidray, goddess of light and lightning, one of the three daughters of Ba'al Hadad.[16]
• Qadeshtu, lit. "Holy One", putative goddess of love, desire and lust. Also a title of Asherah.
• Qos, national god of the Edomites
• Resheph, god of plague and of healing
• Shadrafa, god of medicine or healing
• Shachar and Shalim, twin mountain gods of dawn and dusk, respectively. Shalim was linked to the netherworld via the evening star and associated with peace[17]
• Shamayim (lit. "skies"), god of the heavens[citation needed]
• Shapash, also transliterated Shapshu, goddess of the sun; sometimes equated with the Mesopotamian sun god Shamash,[14](p418) whose gender is disputed. Some authorities consider Shamash a goddess.[18]
• Sydyk, the god of righteousness or justice, sometimes twinned with Misor, and linked to the planet Jupiter[19][20]
• Tallai, the goddess of winter, snow, cold and dew, one of the three daughters of Ba'al Hadad.[21]
• Yam (lit. sea-river) the god of the sea and rivers,[22] also called Judge Nahar (judge of the river)[23][24][25][full citation needed]
• Yarhibol, solar god and "lord of the spring". Part of a trinity of co-supreme gods of Palmyra, Syria along with Aglibol and Bel.
• Yarikh, god of the moon and husband of Nikkal. The city of Jericho was likely his cultic center.
NAME ALTERNATE NAMES RULES

List of African Deities
NAME ALTERNATE NAMES RULES

List of Egyptian Deities

NAME ALTERNATE NAMES RULES
Aker Earth, Horizon
Amun Ammon Creator God
Amunet
Amunhotep Ameothes
Anher Onuris Anhur God of war and hunting
Anpu Annubis
Anqet Annukis Goddess of Egypts Southern regions
Anubis God of the Dead
Apep Apophis
Apuat Ophois
Asar Osiris
Asar Hapi Serapis
Aten Sun Disk Deity
Atum Creator God, Solar Deity
Auset Isis
Bakha Buchis
Bennu Solar and Creator, Heron
Djehuti Thoth
Geb Earth God
Hap Apis
Hapi Personification of the Flood
Harakhte Harmakis, Her em Akhet,
Great One, High One, Lord of the Two Horizons
Her Em Anpu Hermanubis
Herishef Harsaphes
Heru Behutet Harendotes
Heru em Aakhuti Harmakhis
Heru pa khart Harpocrates
Heru Ur Haoeris
Het-Her Hathor
Horus Heru
Solar, Kingship, Protection, Healing
Ihy Harsomtus
Imhotep Imouthes
Imset Mestha
Khepri Keppra
Solar, Creator, Scarab Beetle
Khnum Khnemu, Khnoumis
Ram God, Controls Nile Growth, Creator God
Khonsu Lunar God
Maat Mayet
Maahes Mahes, Mihos Lion God
Min Chemmis, Pan
Montu Buchis
God of War and the Sun
Nebt-Het Nepthys
Nefertum Iphtimis God of Lotus Blossom
Neit Athene
Nekhebet Eileithyia
Nem Ur Mnevis
Neper God of Grain
Osiris Osiri God of death and resurrection, vegetation, sun god, and deceased souls
Pakhet Artemis
Ptah Hephaestos Creator deity, god of craftsmen
Ra Sun God
Sah Orion
Sekhmet-Bast Sakhmis
Selqit Selkis
Set Sutekh, Typhon God of evil and violence and chaos
Shu Sos Embodiment of wind or air
Sobekh Suchos Crocodile God
Sokar Sokaris
Sopdu God of sky and eastern border regions
Taurt Thoeris
Tefnut Thphenis
Thoth Djhuti God of scribes and magic
Un Nefer Onnophris
Wadjet Buto, Edjo

Male
• Aani - A protector ape headed god[39]
• Aati - One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead[39]
• Abu -Abu was an early Egyptian god of Light that was likely worshiped in the city of Elephantine.[62]
• Am-heh - A dangerous underworld god[63]
• Amenhotep I (Amenhetep I) - The second king of the eighteenth dynasty, deified[64]
• Amenhotep son of Hapu - A scribe and architect in the court of Amenhotep III, later deified for his wisdom[63]
• Amu-Aa - A god who accompanies Osiris during the second hour of the night[39]
• An-a-f - One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead[39]
• An-hetep-f - One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead[39]
• An-mut-f[39]
• An-tcher-f[39]
• Andjety (Anedjti, Anezti) - A god of the ninth nome of Upper Egypt[65]
• Ani - A god of festivals[39]
• Anti - A hawk god of Upper Egypt[16]
• Apedemak - A warlike lion god from Nubia who appears in some Egyptian-built temples in Lower Nubia[66]
• Apep (Apepi) - A serpent deity who personified malevolent chaos and was said to fight Ra in the underworld every night[67]
• Āpesh - A turtle god[68]
• Apis - A live bull worshipped as a god at Memphis and seen as a manifestation of Ptah[69]
• Arensnuphis - A Nubian deity who appears in Egyptian temples in Lower Nubia in the Greco-Roman era[70]
• Asclepius - A Greek god worshipped in Egypt at Saqqara
• Ash - A god of the Libyan Desert and oases west of Egypt[71]
• Astennu - A baboon god associated with Thoth.
• Ba - A god of fertility[19]
• Ba-Ra[39]
• Baal - Sky and storm god from Syria and Canaan, worshipped in Egypt during the New Kingdom[72]
• Babi - A baboon god characterized by sexuality and aggression[73]
• Banebdjedet - A ram god, patron of the city of Mendes[74]
• Ba-Pef - A little-known underworld deity; ram-headed god of the eighth hour[75][76]
• Bes - Apotropaic god, represented as a dwarf, particularly important in protecting children and women in childbirth[77]
• Buchis - A live bull god worshipped in the region around Thebes and a manifestation of Montu[78]
• Dedun (Dedwen) - A Nubian god, said to provide the Egyptians with incense and other resources that came from Nubia[79]
• Denwen - A serpent and dragon god[16]
• Djebuty - Tutelary god of Djeba[80]
• Djefa - God of abundance[81]
• Dionysus-Osiris - A life-death-rebirth god.
• Dua - God of toiletry and sanitation[19]
• Fa - A god of destiny[39]
• Fetket - A butler of Ra[6]
• Gengen Wer - A celestial goose god who guarded the celestial egg containing the life force[16]
• Ha - A god of the Libyan Desert and oases west of Egypt[12]
• Ḥapy (Hapi) - A son of Horus[82]
• Hapy-Wet - God of the Nile in heaven[39]
• Hardedef (Djedefhor) - Son of King Khufu who was deified after death because he wrote a book considered to be the work of a god[16]
• Harmachis (Hor-em-akhet) - Sphinx god[39]
• Harsomtus - A child god of Edfu[83]
• Haurun - A protector and healing god, originally a Canaanite god[16]
• Heka (Hike) - Personification of magic[84]
• Heneb - A god of grain[39]
• Henkhisesui - God of the east wind[39]
• Heru-Khu - A god in the fifth division of Tuat[39]
• Hery-sha-duat - Underworld god in charge of the fields of Tuat[39]
• Heryshaf - Ram god worshipped at Herakleopolis Magna[85]
• Hu - Personification of the authority of the spoken word[86]
• Iah (Aah, Yah) - A moon god[87][19][6]
• Ihy (Ihu) - A child deity born to Horus and Hathor, representing the music and joy produced by the sistrum[88][19]
• Imhotep - Architect and vizier to Djoser, eventually deified as a healer god[89]
• Jupiter-Amun - A Roman influenced god worshipped at the Siwa Oasis in Egypt[16]
• Kagemni - A vizier to Sneferu who wrote the Instructions of Kagemni, later deified[16]
• Khenti-Amenti(u)- A necropolis deity[90][39]
• Khenti-qerer[39]
• Khesfu - A god who carries a spear in the tenth division of Tuat[39]
• Khentekhtai (Khente-Khtai) - Crocodile god worshipped at Athribis[16]
• Kherty - A netherworld god, usually depicted as a ram[91]
• Kneph - A ram creator god[19]
• Mandulis - A Lower Nubian solar deity who appeared in some Egyptian temples[92]
• Mehen - A serpent god who protects the barque of Ra as it travels through the underworld[93]
• Mestȧ (Imset) - A son of Horus[82]
• Min - A god of virility, as well as the cities of Akhmim and Qift and the Eastern Desert beyond them[94]
• Mnevis - A live bull god worshipped at Heliopolis as a manifestation of Ra[95]
• Nefer Hor - A son of Thoth[39]
• Neferhotep - Son of Hathor[83]
• Nefertum (Nefertem) - God of perfume who was an aspect of Atum, but later became a separate deity[16]
• Nehebu-Kau - A protective serpent god[96]
• Nun - God of the primeval waters[97]
• Panebtawy - A child god, son of Horus the Elder[6]
• Petbe - God of revenge[19]
• Peteese - Brother of Pihor who drowned in the Nile, later deified[16]
• Pihor - Brother of Peteese who drowned in the Nile, later deified[16]
• Ptah-hotep - Writer of a Wisdom Text, later deified[16]
• Qebeḥsenuf (Qebehsenuef) - A son of Horus[82]
• Qebui - God of the north winds[39]
• Ra-ateni[39]
• Rā-Ḥerakhty - A form of Ra in which he is joined with Horus.
• Reshep - A Syrian war god adopted into Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom, depicted with beard and the crown of Upper Egypt[98][99]
• Sah - Personification of the constellation Orion[16]
• Sebeg - Personification of the planet Mercury[100]
• Sebiumeker - Guardian god of procreation and fertility, he was a major god in Meroe, Kush[16]
• Sed - A jackal deity who protected kingship[16]
• Seker - God of the Memphite Necropolis and of the afterlife in general[101]
• Sekhemus - God of the fourth hour of Tuat[39]
• Sepa - A centipede god who protected people from snake bites[16]
• Sepes - A god who lived in a tree[39]
• Sepṭu - A bearded plume wearing god[99]
• Serapis - A Greco-Egyptian god from the Ptolemaic Period who fused traits of Osiris and Apis with those of several Greek gods. Husband of Isis who, like her, was adopted into Greek and Roman religion outside Egypt.[102]
• Seta-Ta - A mummified god in the fourth division of Tuat[39]
• Setcheh - A serpent demon[39]
• Setem - A god of healing[39]
• Shed - A god believed to save people from danger and misfortune[103]
• Shehbui - God of the south wind
• Shezmu - A god of wine and oil presses who also slaughters condemned souls[104]
• Sia - Personification of perception[105]
• Sopd - God of the eastern delta[100]
• Sopdet (Sothis) - Personification of the star Sirius, mother of Sopdu[16]
• Ṭuamutef (Duamutef) - A son of Horus[82]
• Tutu - An apotropaic god from the Greco-Roman era[106]
• Uneg/Weneg - A plant god and son of Ra who maintains cosmic order[32][19]
• Wenenu - A protector god[16]
• Wepwawet - A jackal god, the patron deity of Asyut, connected with warfare and the afterlife[107]
• Yam - A Syrian god of the sea who appears in some Egyptian texts[108]
Female
• Ahti - A malevolent hippopotamus goddess[109]
• Amathaunta - An ocean goddess[19]
• Ammit - Goddess who devoured condemned souls[110]
• Amn - A goddess who welcomed souls of the dead in the Underworld[19]
• Anat (Anta) – A war and fertility goddess, originally from Syria, who entered Egyptian religion in the Middle Kingdom. A daughter of Re, thus, in Egypt, a sister of Astarte.[111][7][112]
• Anhefta - A protective spirit who guards one end of the ninth division of Tuat[39]
• Anit - Wife of Andjety[19]
• Anuke - A war goddess[16]
• Ảpet - A solar disc wearing goddess worshipped at Thebes[7]
• Astarte - A warrior goddess from Syria and Canaan who entered Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom[113]
• Ba'alat Gebal - A Canaanite goddess, patroness of the city of Byblos, adopted into Egyptian religion[114]
• Besna - Goddess of home security[19]
• Esna - A divine perch[16]
• Hatmehit - Fish goddess worshipped at Mendes[58]
• Hedetet - A minor scorpion goddess[115]
• Heptet - A knife holding goddess of death[39]
• Heret-Kau - A protector goddess who protected the souls of the dead in the afterlife[16]
• Hert-ketit-s - A lioness headed goddess in the eleventh division of Tuat[39]
• Hert-Nemmat-Set - A goddess in the eleventh division of Tuat who punishes the damned[39]
• Hert-sefu-s - A goddess in the eleventh division of Tuat[39]
• Heru-pa-kaut - A mother goddess with a fish on her head[39]
• Heset - Goddess of food and drink[16]
• Hetepes-Sekhus - A personification of the eye of Ra, also a cobra goddess[16]
• Iat - A goddess of milk and nursing[116]
• Iabet - Goddess of fertility and rebirth[16]
• Ipy - A mother goddess depicted as a hippopotamus[16]
• Ishtar - The East Semitic version of Astarte, occasionally mentioned in Egyptian texts[117]
• Iusaaset (Ausaas) - A female counterpart to Atum; a solar disc wearing goddess worshipped at Heliopolis[118][119]
• Iw - A creation goddess[16]
• Kebehut - Daughter of Anubis, goddess of freshness, she helps him in mummifying dead bodies[6][39][16]
• Ken - Goddess of love[19]
• Khefthernebes - A funerary deity[120]
• Mafdet - A predatory goddess said to destroy dangerous creatures[121]
• Mehit - A warrior lioness goddess originally from Nubia worshipped at Abydos, consort of Anhur[43][16]
• Matit - A funerary cat goddess who had a cult center at Thinis[122]
• Mehet-Weret - A celestial cow goddess[93][123]
• Menhit (Menhyt) - A solar lioness goddess who personified the brow of Ra[16]
• Meretseger - A cobra goddess who oversaw the Theban Necropolis[124]
• Meret - The goddess of music who established cosmic order[16]
• Meskhenet (Mesenet) - A goddess who presided over childbirth[18]
• Nakith - A goddess of the underworld[125]
• Naunet – female counterpart to Nun
• Nebethetepet - A female counterpart to Atum[21]
• Nebt-Ankhiu - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nebt-Khu - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nebt-Mat - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nebt-Setau - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nebt-Shat - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nebt-Shefshefet - A goddess of the underworld[126]
• Nefertari - The mother of Amenhotep I, deified[64]
• Nehmetawy - A minor goddess, the consort of Nehebu-Kau or Thoth[127]
• Pelican - Goddess of the dead[100]
• Perit - A goddess of the underworld[128]
• Pesi - A goddess of the underworld[128]
• Qererti[39]
• Qerhet - Goddess of the eight nomes of Lower Egypt[39]
• Qetesh (Qudshu) - A goddess of sexuality and sacred ecstasy from Syria and Canaan, adopted into Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom[129]
• Raet-Tawy - A female counterpart to Ra[130]
• Rekhit - A goddess of the underworld[131]
• Renenet - Goddess of fortune[19]
• Renpet - Goddess who personified the year[130]
• Sait - A goddess of the underworld[132]
• Sefkhet-Abwy - Goddess of writing and temple libraries[6]
• Sehith - A goddess of the underworld[133]
• Sekhat-Hor - A cow goddess[100]
• Sekhet-Metu - A goddess of the underworld[133]
• Seret - A lioness goddess possibly originally from Libya[16]
• Serket - A scorpion goddess, invoked for healing and protection[134]
• Sesenet-Khu - A goddess of the underworld[135]
• Seshat - Goddess of writing and record-keeping, depicted as a scribe[136]
• Shemat-Khu - A goddess of the underworld[137]
• Shentayet - A protective goddess possibly of widows[16]
• Shenty - A cow goddess[138]
• Shesmetet - A lioness goddess[103]
• Sopdet - Deification of the star Sirius[139]
• Swenet - Goddess related to Aswan[140]
• Ta-Bitjet - A minor scorpion goddess[61]
• Ta-Sent-Nefert - A wife of Horus the elder[39]
• Tafner - A vulture headdress wearing goddess[141]
• Taweret (Thoeris) - Hippopotamus goddess, protector of women in childbirth[142][19]
• Tayt (Tayet) - Goddess of weaving[143][144]
• Temet - A female counterpart to Atum[145]
• Temtith - A goddess of the underworld[146]
• Tenenet - Goddess of brewing[16]
• Themath - A goddess of the underworld[146]
• Thermuthis - Goddess of fate, fertility, and harvest[147]
• Thmei - Goddess of truth[148]
• Tjenenyet - A protector goddess[16]
• Tjenmyt - Goddess of beer[100]
• Unut - A goddess represented as a snake or a hare, worshipped in the region of Hermopolis[149]
• Usit - A goddess of the underworld[150]
• Wepset - A protector serpent goddess[16]
• Werethekau - A goddess who protected the king[151][152]
Male or female
• Hedjhotep - God of fabrics and clothing
• Shai - Personification of fate
Objects
• Semi - A deified object found in the tenth division of Tuat
Lesser-known deities
Male
• Ȧakhu - God of the fifth Ảat[154]
• Ảakhu - A ram headed god[154]
• Ảakhu-ḥetch-t - A god of the dead[155]
• Ảakhu-ra - A singing god of dawn[155]
• Ảakhu-sa-ta-f - A warrior god[155]
• Ảakhui - A god with two lotus scepters[154]
• Ȧmi-beq - A god of the dead[156]
• Ảmi-haf - A god who has a harpoon[157]
• Ami-Ḥe-t-Serqet-Ka-hetep-t - A god[157]
• Ảmi-kar - A singing ape god[158]
• Ảmi-keḥau - A god[158]
• Ảmi-naut-f - A serpent god[156]
• Ảmi-nehţ-f - A god[157]
• Ảmi-neter - A singing god[157]
• Ảmi-Nu - A sky god[157]
• Ȧmi-Pe - A lion god[156]
• Ảmi-reţ - A god[157]
• Ảmi-seḥseḩ - A god[158]
• Ảmi-sekhet-f - A god of his domain[158]
• Ảmi-sepa-f - A god[158]
• Ảmi-suḥt-f - A god of the ninth Ảat[158]
• Ảmi-ta - A serpent god[158]
• Ảmi-ut - God of the ninth day of the month[156]
• Ảnmut-făbesh - A star god[159]
• Antywy - A god of the tenth nome of Upper Egypt[160] God of the sixth hour of night.[161]
• Ảri - The creative god[162]
• Ảri-em-ăua - God of the sixth hour of night[162]
• Ảri-en-ȧb-f - A blue eyed god[162]
• Ảri-ḥetch-f - A light god[162]
• Ảri-ren-f-tehesef - God of the tenth day of the month[162]
• Ảri-tchet-f - A god of the ninth day of the month[162]
• Ảrit-Ảmen - A god[162]
• Athpi - A god of dawn[163]
• Ati - A god[163]
• Ba - A ram god associated with virility[75]
• Ba-ảakhu-hā-f - A ram headed god[75]
• Ba-em-uār-ur - A god[75]
• Ba-ta - An ape god[75]
• Ba-tau - A god worshipped at Cynopolis[75]
• Ba-utcha-hāu-f - A ram-headed god[75]
• Ḥeb - A god[164]
• Ḥun-sāḥu - A god[165]
• Ḥutchai - The god of the west wind[164]
• Khenti-en-Sa-t - A star god[166]
• Khenti-heh-f - A knife-eyed god who guarded the tomb of Osiris[166]
• Khenti-ḥenthau - A god[166]
• Khenti-Ḥet Ȧnes - A god[166]
• Khenti-kha-t-ảnes - A knife-eyed god who guarded Osiris[166]
• Khenti-Khas - A god who protected noses of the dead[166]
• Maa-ảb-khenti-ảḥ-t-f - A god[167]
• Maa-ảtht-f - A god of the fourteenth Ảat[167]
• Maa-en-Rā - An ape doorkeeper god[167]
• Maa-f-ur - A god[167]
• Maa-ḥa-f - A ferry god[167]
• Maa-mer-f - God of the twenty-sixth day of the month[167]
• Men-t - A god[168]
• Meni - A god[168]
• Menu - A god of the fifth month[168]
• Menu-nesu-Ḩeru - A warrior bull god[168]
• Menu-qeṭ - God of the first Ảat[168]
• Meţ-en-Ảsảr - A serpent god[169]
• Meţ-ḥer - A god of the dead[169]
• Meṭes - A god[169]
• Meţes - A doorkeeper god[169]
• Meţes-ảb - An ibis headed god[169]
• Meṭes-neshen - A god[169]
• Meţi - A hawk headed god[169]
• Meţni - A hippopotamus god of evil[169]
• Meţu-ta-f - A god[169]
• Neb - A goose god[170]
• Neb ảa - A singing god of dawn[170]
• Neb ảmakh - A god who towed the boat of Ảf[170]
• Neb ankh - A singing god of dawn[171]
• Neb āq-t - A jackal god[172]
• Neb Kheper-Khenti-Ṭuat - A Maāt god[173]
• Neb Khert-ta - A star god[173]
• Neb pāt - A god[172]
• Neb seb-t - A god[173]
• Neb Uast - A god of the boat of Pakhit[172]
• Neb-Un - A god[172]
• Neb user - A ram-headed god[172]
• Neb utchat-ti - A serpent god with human legs[172]
• Nebti - A god[170]
• Nekenher - A frightening god[145]
• Neter - A serpent god[168]
• Neterti - A god in Ṭuat[168]
• Neter bah - A god[168]
• Neter neferu - A god[174]
• Neter-hāu - Nile god[174]
• Neter-ka-qetqet - A god who guarded Osiris[174]
• Neter-kha - God of one thousand years[174]
• Netrit-ta-meh - An axe god[174]
• Netrit-Then - An axe god[174]
• Serq - A serpent god[175]
• Unnti - The god of existence[176]
• Untả - A light god[176]
• Up - An ape god[177]
• Up-hai - God of the dead[177]
• Up-shāt-taui - A god[177]
• Up-uatu - A singing god[177]
• Upi-sekhemti - A jackal-headed singing god[177]
• Upt-heka - Enchantment god[177]
• Upȧst - A light god[177]
• Upu - God of the serpent Shemti[177]
• Ur - A god[178]
• Ur-ȧres (Urȧrset) - A god of a boat[152]
• Ur-at - A god of Kher-Āḥa[178]
• Ur-heka - A god of Denderah[152]
• Ur-henhenu - A water god[152]
• Ur-henu - A water god[152]
• Ur-khert - A jackal god in the second Ảat[152]
• Ur-maati-f - A god[152]
• Ur-metuu-ḩer-ȧat-f - A god[152]
• Ur-peḥti - A doorkeeper god[152]
• Ur-peḩui-f - A god[152]
• Urrtȧ - A god[178]
Female[edit]
• Ảmi-khent-āat - A goddess of Edfû[157]
• Ảmi-pet-seshem-neterit - One of the 12 Thoueris goddesses[156]
• Ảmi-urt - A cow goddess[156]
• Ảmi-utchat-sảakhu-Ảtemt - One of the 12 Thoueris goddesses[156]
• Ảmit-Qeţem - A goddess who assisted resurrecting Osiris[158]
• Ảmit-she-t-urt - A goddess[158]
• Āpertra - A singing goddess[68]
• Ảrit-ȧakhu - A star goddess[162]
• Ảriti - A goddess[162]
• Ba-khati - A goddess[75]
• Baiut-s-ảmiu-heh - A goddess[75]
• Ḥebit - An air goddess[164]
• Hetemit - Goddess of destruction
• Ḥunit - Goddess of the twenty first day of the month[165]
• Ḥunit Pe - A tutelary goddess of Buto[165]
• Ḥunit urit - A tutelary goddess of Heliopolis[165]
• Ḥuntheth - A lioness goddess[165]
• Ḥurit urit - A goddess[165]
• Maa-ā - A singing god[167]
• Maa-neter-s - A singing goddess[167]
• Neb Ȧa-t (Nebt Ȧa-t) - A goddess[170]
• Neb Ȧa-t-Then (Nebt Ȧa-t-Then) - A goddess[170]
• Neb āāu (Nebt āāu) - A goddess
• Neb-ābui (Nebt-ābui) - A goddess
• Neb ȧkeb (Nebt ȧkeb) - A goddess[171]
• Neb Ȧnit (Nebt Ȧnit) - A goddess[171]
• Neb ảri-t-qerr-t (Nebt ȧri-t-qerr-t) - A goddess[171]
• Neb ảrit-tcheṭflu - Goddess who created reptiles[171]
• Neb ảs-ḥatt - A goddess[171]
• Neb ȧs-ur (Nebt ȧs-ur) - A goddess[171]
• Neb Ȧter (Nebt Ȧter-Meḥ) - A goddess[171]
• Neb ȧter-Shemā (Nebt ȧter-Shemā) - A goddess[171]
• Neb ảur (Nebt ảur) - A goddess of the river[170]
• Neb Aut (Neb-t Aut) - A goddess[170]
• Neb Bȧa-t (Nebt Bȧa-t) - A goddess[172]
• Neb ḥekau (Nebt ḥekau) - The goddess of spells[173]
• Neb ḥetep (Nebt ḥetep) - A crocodile goddess[173]
• Neb Khasa (Nebt Khasa) - A goddess[173]
• Neb Khebit (Nebt Khebit) - The goddess of Chemmis[173]
• Neb peḥti (Nebt peḥti) - A goddess[172]
• Neb Per-res (Nebt Per-res) - A goddess[172]
• Neb petti (Nebt petti) - A goddess[172]
• Neb Sa (Nebt Sa) - A goddess[173]
• Neb Sam (Nebt Sam) - A goddess[173]
• Neb sau-ta (Nebt sau-ta) - A goddess[173]
• Neb sebu (Nebt sebu) - A goddess[173]
• Neb Septi (Nebt Septi) - A goddess[173]
• Neb-t ȧakhu - A serpent goddess of dawn[170]
• Neb-t ȧnemit - A goddess of offerings[170]
• Neb-t ānkh - One of twelve goddesses who opened the gates of Ṭuat to Ảf[171]
• Neb-t ānkhiu - A goddess with two serpents[171]
• Neb-t Ảţu - A goddess[171]
• Neb-t au-t-ȧb - A cow goddess[170]
• Neb-t Kheper - A serpent goddess[173]
• Neb-t usha - Goddess of the eighth division of the Ṭuat[172]
• Neb Un (Nebt Un) - A goddess[172]
• Nebt Ānnu - A goddess[171]
• Neterit-nekhenit-Rā - A singing goddess in Ṭuat[174]
• Un-baiusit (Unt-baiusit) - A goddess[176]
• Unnit - A goddess[176]
• Unnuit - A goddess[176]
• Upit - A serpent goddess[177]
• Ur-ā - A goddess[152]
• Urit - A goddess[178]
• Urit-ȧmi-t-Ṭuat - A goddess of escorting Ra[178]
• Urit-em-sekhemu-s - Goddess of the fourth hour[152]
• Urit-en-kru - A lioness headed hippopatomus goddess[152]
• Urit-ḥekau - Goddess of Upper Egypt[178]
• Urti-ḥethati - Goddess of Ánu[152]hide
Male or female[edit]
hide
• Medjed - A minor god from the Book of the Dead. "[179]
• Neb au-t-ȧb - A god or goddess in the Ṭuat[170] (needs additional citation for verification)
• Netrit fent - An axe god or goddess[168] (needs additional citation for verification)
Groups of deities[edit]
hide
• The Aai – 3 guardian deities in the ninth division of Tuat; they are Ab-ta, Anhefta, and Ermen-ta[39]
• The Cavern deities – Many underworld deities charged with punishing the damned souls by beheading and devouring them.[180]
• The Ennead – An extended family of nine deities produced by Atum during the creation of the world. The Ennead usually consisted of Atum, his children Shu and Tefnut, their children Geb and Nut, and their children Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.[181]
• The Theban Triad consisted of Amun, his consort Mut and their son Khonsu.
• The four sons of Horus – Four gods who protected the mummified body, particularly the internal organs in canopic jars.[182]
• The Gate deities – Many dangerous guardian deities at the gates of the underworld (flanked by divine Doorkeepers and Heralds), to be ingratiated by spells and knowing their names.[183]
• The Hemsut (or Hemuset) – Protective goddesses of Fate, destiny, and of the creation sprung from the primordial abyss; daughters of Ptah, linked to the concept of ka[184][185]
• The Her-Hequi – 4 deities in the fifth division of Tuat[39]
• The Hours of the day deities – 12 divine embodiments of each hour of the day: partly major deities (1st: Maat and Nenit, 2nd: Hu and Ra em-nu, , 3rd: unknown, 4th: Ashespi-kha, 5th: Nesbit and Agrit, 6th: Ahait, 7th: Horus and Nekait or Nekai-t, 8th: Khensu and Kheprit, 9th: Neten-her-netch-her and Ast em nebt ankh, 10th: Urit-hekau or Hekau-ur, 11th: Amanh, and partly lesser-known ones (12th: "The One Who Gives Protection In The Twilight").[186]
• The Hours of the night deities – 12 goddesses of each hour of the night, wearing a five-pointed star on their heads. Neb-t tehen and Neb-t heru, god and goddess of the 1st hour of night, Apis or Hep (in reference) and Sarit-neb-s, god and goddess of the 2nd hour of night, M'k-neb-set, goddess of the 3rd hour of night, Aa-t-shefit or Urit-shefit, goddess of the 4th hour of the night, Heru-heri-uatch-f and Neb[t] ankh, god and goddess of the 5th hour of the night, Ari-em-aua (god) or Uba-em-tu-f and Mesperit, neb-t shekta or Neb-t tcheser, god and goddess of the 6th hour of the night, Heru-em-sau-ab and Herit-t-chatcha-ah, god and goddess of the 7th hour of the night, Ba-pefi and Ankh-em-neser-t or Merit-neser-t, god and goddess of the 8th hour of night, An-mut-f and Neb-t sent-t, god and goddess of the 9th hour of the night, Amset or Neb neteru and M'k-neb-set, god and goddess of the 10th hour of night, Uba-em-tu-f and Khesef-khemit or M'kheskhemuit, god and goddess of the 11th hour, Khepera and Maa-neferut-Ra, god and goddess of the 12th hour of the night.[186]
• The 42 judges of Maat – 42 deities including Osiris who judged the souls of the dead in the afterlife
• The Khnemiu – 4 deities wearing red crowns in the eleventh division of Tuat[39]
• The Ogdoad – A set of eight gods who personified the chaos that existed before creation. The Ogdoad commonly consisted of Amun – Amunet, Nu – Naunet, Heh – Hauhet, and Kek – Kauket.[187]
• The Renniu – 4 bearded gods in the eleventh division of Tuat[39]
• The Setheniu-Tep – 4 deities wearing white crowns in the eleventh division of Tuat[39]
• The Souls of Pe and Nekhen – A set of gods personifying the predynastic rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt.[188]
The 12 Thoueris goddesses[156]

List of Celtic Deities

List of Americas Deities

List of Germanic/Norae Deities

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wikipedia
The Natural Genesis (Gerald Massey)
Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia (Kasak, Veede)
Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan (John Day)
Deities and Demigods (Lawrence Schick, E Gary Gygax)
Encyclopedia of World Mythology )Arthur Cotterell)
The Life of the Ancient Greeks (Charles Burton Gulick)
Practical Greek Magick (Murray Hope)
Magika Hiera (Faraone, Obbink)
The Sacred and the Profane (Mircea Eliade)
Greek Magic, Greek Religion (Robert L Fowler)
Ancient Aryan Gods (Mozhgan Yahyazade)
Ancient Man in Britain (Donald A Mackenzie)
Ancient and Modern Britons (Kegan Paul, Trench and Co)
The Sacred Magic of Ancient Egypt (Rosemary Clark)
The Sacred Tradition in Ancient Egypt (Rosemary Clark)
The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt (Richard H Wilkinson)
The Gods of the Egyptians (E.A. Wallace Budge)
Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses (Britannica)
The Hittites and their World (Billie Jean Collins)
A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Near East (Frayne, Stuckey)
The Hitties:The Story of a Forgotten Empire (Sayce)
Kings of the Hittites (David Hogarth)
The Land of the Hittites (John Garstang)

Wikipedia Articles:
List of African Deities

List of Canaanite Deities

List of Egyptian Deities

List of Mesopotamian Deities

List of Celtic Deities

List of Americas Deities

List of Germanic/Norse Deities

Post automatically merged: Jan 11, 2024

Will be adding a List of Hittite Deities once I read enough about them and extract names, titles and so forth.

Post automatically merged: Jan 11, 2024

Too little is known of the Hittites, and most likely tie in with Mesopotamian gods and goddesses. There is good research and well written books, however it is not clear enough to provide a list of names.

So, onto Egyptian again, and the assignment at hand.

Then, onto Greek and Roman.

Konsciencia · Jan 11, 2024

So many Gods and Godesses, my God!

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 11, 2024

That's only the Near East, mind you.

Roma · Jan 11, 2024

Some of them confuse the male with the female partner e.g. Alala is/was the female partner of Alalu

Alalu can be translated as tall-tall-male, also known as El Elyon and The Most High

Post automatically merged: Jan 12, 2024

According to Sumerian accounts Alalu was overthrown by his cupholder: Anu

A friend saw an amphibian coming up from the water at a suburban beach with no one around. He then went under the water and did not reappear.

I asked her if he was repulsive. She said he was. So I showed her the above image and she said that looks just like the male she saw.

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 12, 2024

So question on the Judaic Tree of Life .... Would an Egyptian deity such as Ptah be in Kether, or beyond the Limitless Light (Ain Soph Aur)?

Post automatically merged: Jan 12, 2024

Interesting ..

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Roma · Jan 12, 2024

Read The Lost Book of Enki.

That identifies the various names of Ptah in other cultures.

The book gives pre-Earth history of the "gods"

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Allocations to the Tree are largely religious and therefore biased.

When I look, I do not see any gods that have an interest in particular sephiroth.

The Tree is an antenna system. It exists on the human - and on the Earth at all scales

pixel_fortune · Jan 12, 2024

Roma said:
According to Sumerian accounts Alalu was overthrown by his cupholder: Anu

she said that looks just like the male she saw.

That is not one of the gods, it's a votive offering of a worshipper-figurine. It was left on the shrine at all times, so that someone would always be worshipping the god even when you were out.

The way you can tell is a) the gesture of supplication - (it looks like a nervous guy waiting to ask a question, but that's the posture many worshipper figurines are in) and b) the huge eyes. The figure is there to provide worship to the deity, so a common view of historians is that the big eyes are symbolic, "all the better to see you with" - like you might draw someone with big ears to show they're a good listener. Or it could be an exaggerated expression of wonder. (We don't have documentation for why their eyes were like that, but these figures are super common because they were a form of offering, so a fair bit is known about them from context)

The one Roma shared is more obviously a typical worshipper figure if you zoom out:

I can't tell if this is the same collection standing in different places, or different ones:

Anyway, terrifying! I guess Sumerians were just used to it as an artstyle, like we're used to seeing giant manga eyes, so it didn't look repulsive to them. But I agree with your friend, it does to me now.

Roma · Jan 12, 2024

pixel_fortune said:
That is not one of the gods, it's a votive offering of a worshipper-figurine.

You may find it useful to read the Sumerian accounts

pixel_fortune · Jan 12, 2024

Diluculo_DelFuego said:
List of Egyptian Deities

I appreciate this list btw! Since Helios Unbound is so PGM-focused, I felt like I should learn more about Egyptian deities - I only know the big names

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 12, 2024

Or a book on Anthropology of Religion? I agree with @pixel_fortune

Again, this is a particular exercise based on the Judaic, or Egyptian Tree of Life.

• After familiarizing yourself with the Neophyte ritual, take note that there are sub- tleties that may be further conveyed by studying the Egyptian gods that participate in it.  
For this Neophyte grade, fill up one page for each deity with the following information:
• Near East, Greek, Roman, African, Egyptian, American, and Celtic names of the god 
• Illustration of the deity's most common form (drawn or cut and pasted)
• Force of nature to which the god corresponds 
• Aspects of civilization the god governs 
• The officer in the Neophyte ritual who wears this godform 
• The part of the candidate's psyche the god might represent 
• Various titles given to the god in Ethnic (primarily Egyptian and Greek) and Hermetic literature 
• Position(s) on the Tree of Life where the god would be most at home
You may wish to continue adding to this book throughout your future studies as your knowledge deepens.
If you like, add the gods of other pantheons that interest you.

Let us first turn to Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization.

This does not exclude Sumeria, but includes ALL civilizations, but special interest paid to Egypt and Greece.

And yes, Im revisiting what I started but did not finish in the 0=0 grade for a writing assignment, to be completed now, before I try for 2=9.
And all other assignments before 2=9. Including sewing a tau rob and painting a lamp and pentacle and black and white wand.

Post automatically merged: Jan 12, 2024

So .. Malkuth as the starting point. Geb, the god of Earth. Also potentially Isis, the Mighty Mother, though some may place her on Binah.

pixel_fortune · Jan 12, 2024

Diluculo_DelFuego said:
Geb, the god of Earth. Also potentially Isis, the Mighty Mother, though some may place her on Binah.

Maaan I'm struggling with something related with Helios Unbound. The Elemental rites coming up involve invoking Greek gods to balance the elements

But the ones chosen by Farrell (or rather, by Empedocles) don't fit well. Hera isn't an Earth Goddess!

And then I was thinking who else to use, that would resonate more. I was thinking of switching to Sumerian since I'm most familiar with them and it's easier for me to feel connected to them (and it predates the PGM so it's not tooo anachronistic, Ereshkigal is in the PGM).

In my (home-made) Sumerian LRP, I vibrate an epithet of Enki in the East (Bel Nemeqi - "Lord of Wisdom) because he is clever, a bit tricksy, communicative, etc, qualities of air/Mercury. But he is a water elemental god, keeper of the Abzu, filler of the Euphrates river. It's fine for the LRP, but not for the Elemental Pentagram.

Enlil is the actual god of air/winds but he doesn't have any air personality traits. The Sumerian deities just don't align that way - air/water/etc didn't symbolise to them what it does to us. Who's better for balancing your air qualities - the god over the physical domain of air, or the god who understands the personal qualities of air, and how to express them? WWYD?

I have 2.5 weeks to decide (it is an extremely compressed/intensified program, it obviously won't have anything like the degree of effects you'll see, but I'd still like to do it justice to the extent I can)

Roma · Jan 12, 2024

pixel_fortune said:
The Sumerian deities just don't align that way

Do you need a bigger hammer to make them fit the preferred categories?

Meanwhile there are several recent accounts that Enlil has been ejected from this solar system while Enki has returned to help.

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Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 12, 2024

pixel_fortune said:
Maaan I'm struggling with something related with Helios Unbound. The Elemental rites coming up involve invoking Greek gods to balance the elements

But the ones chosen by Farrell (or rather, by Empedocles) don't fit well. Hera isn't an Earth Goddess!

And then I was thinking who else to use, that would resonate more. I was thinking of switching to Sumerian since I'm most familiar with them and it's easier for me to feel connected to them (and it predates the PGM so it's not tooo anachronistic, Ereshkigal is in the PGM).

In my (home-made) Sumerian LRP, I vibrate an epithet of Enki in the East (Bel Nemeqi - "Lord of Wisdom) because he is clever, a bit tricksy, communicative, etc, qualities of air/Mercury. But he is a water elemental god, keeper of the Abzu, filler of the Euphrates river. It's fine for the LRP, but not for the Elemental Pentagram.

Enlil is the actual god of air/winds but he doesn't have any air personality traits. The Sumerian deities just don't align that way - air/water/etc didn't symbolise to them what it does to us. Who's better for balancing your air qualities - the god over the physical domain of air, or the god who understands the personal qualities of air, and how to express them? WWYD?

I have 2.5 weeks to decide (it is an extremely compressed/intensified program, it obviously won't have anything like the degree of effects you'll see, but I'd still like to do it justice to the extent I can)

Try Gaia, or Rhea, who bore with Uranus the sky god, the Titans.

Post automatically merged: Jan 12, 2024

Gaia is the Greek aspect/goddess of Malkuth, as she is the Earth mother, just as Geb is the god of the Earth.

stratamaster78 · Jan 12, 2024

pixel_fortune said:
Maaan I'm struggling with something related with Helios Unbound. The Elemental rites coming up involve invoking Greek gods to balance the elements

But the ones chosen by Farrell (or rather, by Empedocles) don't fit well. Hera isn't an Earth Goddess!

And then I was thinking who else to use, that would resonate more. I was thinking of switching to Sumerian since I'm most familiar with them and it's easier for me to feel connected to them (and it predates the PGM so it's not tooo anachronistic, Ereshkigal is in the PGM).

In my (home-made) Sumerian LRP, I vibrate an epithet of Enki in the East (Bel Nemeqi - "Lord of Wisdom) because he is clever, a bit tricksy, communicative, etc, qualities of air/Mercury. But he is a water elemental god, keeper of the Abzu, filler of the Euphrates river. It's fine for the LRP, but not for the Elemental Pentagram.

Enlil is the actual god of air/winds but he doesn't have any air personality traits. The Sumerian deities just don't align that way - air/water/etc didn't symbolise to them what it does to us. Who's better for balancing your air qualities - the god over the physical domain of air, or the god who understands the personal qualities of air, and how to express them? WWYD?

I have 2.5 weeks to decide (it is an extremely compressed/intensified program, it obviously won't have anything like the degree of effects you'll see, but I'd still like to do it justice to the extent I can)

That's really cool about the Sumerian LRP

I have a few videos saved on my PC somewhere with Damien Echols talking about a version that he came up with that had Enki, Enlil, Inanna, and I'm blanking on the 4th....

He may have added two more above and below...

But I do remember that he traced the Anu Star shaped Cuneiform in the 4 directions instead of the Pentagram.

It was a really cool ritual and If I stumble upon it again I'll link the video.

He also talked about how he uses a Ceramic Sumerian Star Map as his Pentacle that he uses to place objects on to Charge/Consecrate etc.

Damien is a really cool dude and inventive/creative at doing Magick.

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 12, 2024

When I have a full understanding of Malkuth on up to Kether of the God(desse)s on the Tree, will update this journal.

pixel_fortune · Jan 12, 2024

stratamaster78 said:
I have a few videos saved on my PC somewhere with Damien Echols talking about a version that he came up with that had Enki, Enlil, Inanna, and I'm blanking on the 4th....

I ended up writing way too long a reply to this, so I posted elsewhere as not to hijack Diliculo's dairy thread. I mean you don't have to read it there either, it's definitely tipping into rant territory

[Opinion] - Little rant about Echols' Sumerian LRPgods

I was going to post this as a reply to @stratamaster78 but it was in someone's diary thread and would have been a bit of a hijack So: I like and respect Damien Echols a lot. This isn't meant as a teardown. But I don't like his approach to Sumerian religion. I've seen a few videos of him...

wizardforums.com

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 12, 2024

I appreciate this journal strictly limited to the main topic, thank you.

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Had I simply read Chapter One of "The Tree of Life" by Regardie, I would have saved myself quite a bit of anguish on Egypt.
Rosemary Clark's books "The Sacred Tradition in Ancient Egypt" and "The Sacred Magic of Ancient Egypt" are, however, excellent and informative books.
E.A. Wallis Budge's book "The Gods of the Egyptians" is fairly good.
Now onto Sumerians, Babylonians, Hurrites, Hittites, Phoenicians and Akkadians. These will be as much fun as Egypt, yet less fascinating or informative.

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After familiarizing yourself with the Neophyte ritual, take note that there are sub- tleties that may be further conveyed by studying the Egyptian gods that participate in it.  
For this Neophyte grade, fill up one page for each deity with the following information:
• Near East, Greek, Roman, African, Egyptian, American, and Celtic names of the god 
• Illustration of the deity's most common form (drawn or cut and pasted)
• Force of nature to which the god corresponds 
• Aspects of civilization the god governs 
• The officer in the Neophyte ritual who wears this godform 
• The part of the candidate's psyche the god might represent 
• Various titles given to the god in Ethnic (primarily Egyptian and Greek) and Hermetic literature 
• Position(s) on the Tree of Life where the god would be most at home
You may wish to continue adding to this book throughout your future studies as your knowledge deepens.
If you like, add the gods of other pantheons that interest you.

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Malkuth - Geb
Yesod - Shu, Pasht
Hod - Anubis
Netzach - Hathor
Tiphareth - Osiris, Ra
Geburah - Horus
Chesed - Thme, Maat
Binah - Isis
Chokmah - Tahuti, Thoth
Kether - Path, Amoun

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Positions on the Tree of Life for the gods ^^^

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Positions of Officers on the Tree of Life (Rough draft)
Kether -
Chokmah -
Binah -
Chesed - Praemonstrator
Geburah - Imperator
Tiphareth - Cancellarius
Netzach - Dadouchos
Hod - Stolistes
Yesod -
Malkuth - Hiereus

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I'm reading z.1 incorrectly. For example, Osiris and the Hierophant should be in Tiphareth, and Thoth and the Cancellarius should be in Chokmah, etc. This will tkae some time to sort through.

Konsciencia · Jan 13, 2024

Sounds interesting!

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 15, 2024

The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. The light bedtime reading scouting for Greek (G) and Roman(R). Near East, particularly Egypt will make a comeback in the next week or two, then a final G/R run and on to Celts and Americans.

It is an interesting process. And a reminder not to skip ahead in reading.

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Greek
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Abraxas:
(variants Abrasax, Abraxis) Occult theonym used in Graeco-Oriental gnosticism. In Greek values, the letters add up to 365, corresponding thus to the number of days in the year. The hebdomad of letters was associated with the seven planets. Abraxas stones were used as amulets and usually show the god with the torso and the arms of a man, the head of a cock and serpent legs. In scientific literature he is also known as Angnipede ‘snake-feet’.
Acheloos:
Greek river-god bearing the same name as the river which runs into the Ionian Sea. The son of → Okeanos and of → Tethys. The myth tells how Achelóos fought the hero Heraklés for possession of the Deinaeira, taking the form first of a snake, then of a bull. He married the muse Melpomene, and the → Sirens were supposed to be his daughters. Under the name Achlae, Achelóos is attested in Etruria from the sixth century BC onwards, and is represented as heavily bearded and with the horns of a bull.
Achilleus:
(Latin, Achilles) Hero of Greek legend. The young Achilleus had been dipped by his mother → Thetis in the water of the Styx to make him invulnerable, but the water did not touch the heel by which she held him (hence ‘Achilles’ heel’). In the Trojan War he was slain by Paris. Achilleus was venerated as a hero throughout Greece. In the Black Sea area he had divine status, and was known from the Hadrian era onwards by the epithet Pontarchos ruler of the sea.
Adonis:
Originally a Phoenician-Syrian god (the Semitic word ‘adon’ means ‘mas- ter’). He embodies vegetation scorched by the heat of the summer sunshine, and was worshipped in the mystic cults as a god who dies and is resurrected. According to Greek legend, he was born from a myrrh tree, into which his mother had been changed. He was the beautiful lover of → Aphrodíte. When he was killed by a boar while hunting, the goddess caused the Adonis rose to spring up from his blood, and she was able to secure his release from the underworld for six months in the year. The seeds of the so-called Adonis garden grow readily in a bowl or a box, and their blossoming and rapid withering were seen as symbolizing the life and death of the god. Adonis was taken over by the Etruscans under the name of → Atunis.
Adrásteia:
(‘the inescapable’) Originally a Trojan-Phrygian mountain divinity who was also worshipped in Thrace and who appears in Greece from about 400 BC onwards as the guardian of righteousness and the goddess who avenges all wrongs; connected with → Nemesis. Whether there is any common Indo-Germanic connection with the Celtic-British → Adraste is not clear.
Aenéas:
To begin with, a Greek hero (Greek: Aineias) in the Trojan War, the son of King Anchises and the goddess → Aphrodíte, the mother of the gods from Mount Ida. The saga of his flight from the ruins of Troy became known to the Romans and the Etruscans in the sixth century BC; and soon thereafter he him- self was honoured as a heros. For the Romans he was the embodiment of the old Roman virtue of pietas (piety, rever- ence for age and tradition) thanks to his having rescued his father (lamed by light- ning) and the holy images, and taken them with him on his wanderings. The emperor Augustus believed that his family was descended from the son of the gods, Aenéas.
Aesculápius:
The god of healing → Asklepiós, introduced into Rome during a plague in 293 BC. In his capacity as all- healer, he became one of the most popu- lar gods of the early Empire. The emperor Marcus Aurelius had himself depicted as Aesculápius, bearing a caduceus as sceptre. In modern times the caduceus has become the symbol of the medical profession.
Agdistis:
(Agditis) A hermaphrodite being in Phrygian mythology. It is descended from → Papas, made drunk by → Diónysos, and emasculates itself on waking from its drunken stupor. An almond tree grows from its sexual organs, and the fruit of this tree makes the daughter of the river-god → Sangarios pregnant. She gives birth to → Attis. Agdistis, now in its female aspect as a form of the Great Mother (→ Kybéle), falls in love with the beautiful youth Attis; when he is unfaithful to her, she makes him lose his reason.
Agnóstos Theós:
(Greek ‘the unknown god’) It seems that altars to ‘unknown gods’ were set up in Athens. In his address to the men of Athens (Acts of the Apostles 17: 23) Paul uses the singular – ‘To the unknown god’ – but this seems to be a monotheistic adaptation. As far as the history of religion is concerned, there is no doubt that ‘all gods’ (Pantheon) were invoked and worshipped – gods who are not named but who are not nameless. An unknown or anonymous god is also attested in pre-Islamic Arabia, and votive inscriptions from Palmyra (second and third centuries AD) are addressed to him ‘whose name is praised for ever and ever’. His epithets are ‘Lord of the world’ and ‘the good one’.
Aiakós:
A Greek god of the underworld, the son of Zeus and of Aigina. Because of his love of justice he was appointed judge of the dead. He is first mentioned by name in Plato.
Aíolos:
(Latin: Aeolus) The son of → Poseidon; in Greek mythology, the progenitor of the Aeolians, directed by → Zeus to rule the winds. It was he who gave Odysseus a bag containing contrary winds to speed the homeward journey.
Aión:
(Greek time) The word may refer to an age or epoch in the history of the world, or to the god himself who per- sonifies such an age. He is depicted in human form, entwined in serpents and with the head of a lion. He is often winged and sometimes shown standing in the Zodiac. He figures in the mysteries of Mithras, whose concept of Aion is of Persian origin (→ Zervan). The Lord of Time is also a primeval god (known as Aion to the Manichaeans), and he enters Greek thought in the shape of → Krónos, which in the course of further philo- sophical speculation, coalesces with its homonym → Chronos.
Aloádes:
In Greek mythology the giant sons of Aloeus (or of → Poseidon) named Otos and Ephialtes. In their fight against the gods they try to storm Olympus; and they bind the god of war → Arés fast and hold him captive for 13 months. When → Ártemis throws herself between them in the shape of a hind, they kill themselves in their blind lust to hunt down the quarry. It is possible that the Aloades were pre- Hellenic gods, who were casualties in the struggle surrounding the introduction of the new religion of Zeus.
Amáltheia:
(in Latin Amalthéa) A nymph or, in other versions of the story, a she-goat which nourished the infant → Zeus with her milk, and was rewarded by being transferred to the heavens where she figures as Capella (Latin, goat). A horn broken off from Amáltheia was transformed by Zeus into the cornucopia, the symbol of plenty.
Amphitríte:
A goddess of the sea, possibly pre-Hellenic. In Greek mythology, she is the daughter of → Nereus, and the wife of → Poseidon. Accompanied by Nereids and Tritons she moves over the waters in a vessel made of mussels. It was only in association with Poseidon that she was made an object of worship.
Ananké:
Greek goddess of fate. As the personification of ineluctable necessity, of inevitability, she is even set above the gods. In Orphic teaching she is incorporeal but universally present. On occasion she fuses with the figure of → Adrásteia. In her capacity as ‘she who guides the worlds’, she is portrayed holding a spindle.
Antaíos:
(in Latin Antaeus) According to Greek myth, the son of → Poseidon and the goddess of the earth → Gaia. The Greek word antaíos means ‘he who meets’. The giant Antaíos lived in Libya; and everyone whom he met there he challenged to a wrestling match and killed. Herakles finally overcame him by picking him up from the ground, thereby severing Antaios’ dynamic contact with Mother Earth.
Aphrodíte:
Greek goddess of beauty and love, identified by the Romans with → Venus. Attempts to derive her name from the Greek word aphros foam, date back to antiquity. On this interpretation, the goddess is ‘she who is born of the foam’; or, as another of her names – Anadyomene – suggests ‘she who arises from the sea’. Her cult is pre-Greek and probably oriental in origin; certain rites associated with her, like the temple prostitution in Corinth, remind us of → Astarte. She was also known as Kypris and as Kythereia after the main shrines in her honour on Cyprus and Kythera. In coastal areas she was revered as Euploia – ‘she who confers a good voy- age’. Plato and others make a distinction between the ‘heavenly’ Aphrodite (Urania) and the goddess who ‘belongs to the whole people’ (Pandemos). According to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of → Zeus and Dione, married to → Hephaistos but in love with → Arés, a liaison from which → Éros was born. She also loved the beautiful → Adonis. Her attribute was the dove. Her aegis covered fertility in the plant world, and she was venerated in Athens as the goddess of gardens.
Apóllon:
A Greek god, probably of Asia Minor origin. He fulfills several functions: as protector of cattle, he keeps wolves away (hence his name of Lykeios); as pro- moter of agriculture he gets rid of field- mice (Smintheus); and as a stone pillar standing in front of a house he protects both it and its inhabitants (Apollon Agyieus). He is a god of healing (with a snake as attribute) and a god of expiation, whose arrows bring sickness and death. Above all, however, he is the god of oracles, his most celebrated oracular shrines being Delphi and Delos. The laurel plant is sacred to him. As god of the muses Apollon Musagetes he is often represented with a lyre, and singing and music are in his gift. Finally, from the sixth century onwards he was demonstrably venerated as a sun-god. His epithet Phoebus (‘the bright or pure one’) was originally understood in a purely cultic sense, but it soon acquired ethical connotations. The myth relates how he slew the Python dragon, only a few days after his birth. His parents were → Zeus and → Leto, his twin sister was → Artemis, and his son was the god of healing → Asklepios. Apóllon was the first Greek god to be introduced into Italy (Etruscan → Aplu). Augustus saw him as his personal tutelary god.
Arés:
(accented in Latin on first syllable: Áres) Greek god of war. Etymologically, his name is not entirely clear, but it proba- bly means something like ‘destroyer’ or ‘avenger’. He is accompanied by → Eris (dissension), Enyo (horror) and Phobos (fear). His original homeland was Thrace, and few temples were devoted to him in Hellas. He was not a popular god, and accordingly he is not often portrayed in Greek art. His parents were → Zeus and → Hera, and his mistress was → Aphrodíte. The war-like Amazons were supposed to be his daughters. The Romans identified Arés with their own god → Mars.
Árgos:
In Greek mythology a many- eyed giant entrusted by → Hera to keep guard on → Io; he was, however, lulled to sleep by → Hérmes and killed. His name has become proverbial for eyes which miss nothing.
Ariádne:
Originally a Minoan goddess; her Cretan name Aridela means ‘she who shines in splendour’. Her death as described in Homer suggests a goddess of vegetation. In the myth, Ariádne is the daughter of the Cretan king → Minos and of → Pasiphae. She uses a ball of wool to help Theseus to find the way out of the mazes of the labyrinth. After her death, Ariádne was led out of the underworld by her husband → Dionysos and taken up to Olympus. Her crown was fixed by → Zeus as a constellation in the heavens (Corona Borealis).
Aristaíos:
An ancient Greek peasant god, protector of herds and the original bee-keeper. In Hellas he was ousted from favour by → Apóllon, as whose son he was subsequently regarded. In Kyrene (Libya) he continued to be venerated as the son of the goddess of the town.
Ártemis:
Greek goddess of the hunt, who can be shown to share in the functions of several other divinities. She is Queen of the wild beasts (Potnia theron) in which capacity she can be traced back to the Minoan period. Graphically, she is represented as winged and accompanied by lions, deer and birds. Mainly, however, she appears as the virgin huntress roaming the woods with her attendants, the → Nymphs. She can use her arrows – like her brother → Apóllon – to send peaceful death or sud- den destruction. In anger she is terrible. Originally, human sacrifice was not unknown to her cult – we may recall the story of Iphigenia who was replaced on the altar by a hind. She was also the god- dess of birth, and on Delos women sacri- ficed their hair to her in token of their devotion. She also appears as a goddess of vegetation and fertility (e.g. in the Peloponnese). In Asia Minor her cult overlapped that of the Great Mother (the many-breasted Artemis of Ephesus). Later, Artemis also came to be identified with the moon-goddess → Seléne. As bearer of light (Phosphoros) she had a temple in the harbour of Athens. The myth makes her the daughter of → Zeus and of → Leto.
Asklepiós:
(in Latin, the accent is on e: Asklépios) Greek god of healing. His oldest known temple was at Trikka in Thessaly. It was only from the fifth century BC onwards that his cult spread over the whole of Hellas, and he began to oust his father → Apóllon as a divine healer. Originally he may have been a snake-god; and when new votive shrines were being dedicated to him, a snake was involved in the cere- mony as an incarnation of the god. He is usually pictured as a bearded man with his staff round which the sacred snake is entwined. The main centre of his cult was at Epidauros. His daughter was supposed to be → Hygíeia. Doctors in antiquity called themselves asklepiades. According to the myth, Asklepios learnt the art of healing from the wise Centaur Cheiron. He was particularly esteemed by the Romans (→ Aesculapius); in Hellenistic- Roman Egypt his name was transferred to → Imhotep.
Asopós:
Boeotian river-god (after the river of the same name in central Greece). Son of → Poseidon. When → Zeus abducted one of his daughters, Asopos himself was struck by lightning.
Áte:
Greek goddess of disaster; the embodiment of blind folly, benightedness, which stupefies man, mind and soul, and lands one in disaster. She was supposed to be a daughter of → Zeus.
Athená:
(or Athéne) Virgin tutelary goddess of Athens and Greek goddess of wisdom. Originally a Cretan-Minoan palace goddess, perhaps identical with a Cretan snake-goddess: the snake continued into later times to be associated with her (picture in the Parthenon). Her epithet glaukopis ( owl-eyed) hints at an ear- lier version in the shape of a bird. In Homer, Athena appears in two forms: as Promachos (‘champion’) she is goddess of battle and bearer of the terrible aegis (the breastplate with the head of Medusa); and as Ergane (‘Craftsman’) she acts as instructor in the handicrafts. In her capa- city as a protective deity she bears the epi- thet Pallas; and the palladion, the icon named after her, was supposed to protect the city and its houses from harm. Regarding her birth, the myth tells how she sprang from the head of her father → Zeus. She forms no amorous attachment of any kind, and remains Parthenos – the virgin. The tale is told of how the gods competed with each other to see which of them could provide the most noble gift: Athená won the competition by giving Attica the olive-tree. But that was not all: she gave the peasant his plough, to women she gave the loom and she invented the flute. Thus, along with her role as goddess of war she is also a goddess of peace. The Romans equated her with → Minerva.
Átlas:
(‘the bearer’) Son of the Titan → Iapetós and the Oceanid Klymene; sen- tenced to carry the vault of heaven because he took part in the campaign against the gods. The equation with the mountain range in North Africa was known in antiquity; for example, it is to be found in Herodotus.

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Greek (B,C)
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Bia:
A child of the queen of the Greek underworld, → Styx, and the constant companion of → Zeus. His name (bia power, strength) suggests that he may be no more than a hypostatization of the father of the gods.
Centaurs:
Fabulous creatures in Greek mythology; wild and half-animal, they had a human torso and the body of a horse. They dwelt in thick forests and in the mountains, and seem to have been nature demons of some kind. One of the best known Centaurs was → Cheiron.
Charítes:
(Greek charein to rejoice) In the beginning there was very probably only one Charis, the spouse of → Hephaistos. As a trinity, the Graces appear first in Hesiod, where they are named: Aglaia (splendour), Euphrosine (cheerfulness) and Thaleia (blossom). In mythology and in art they appear in the retinue of → Aphrodíte or of → Apóllon, and bring beauty and pleasure to mankind. The → Horai are closely associ- ated with them. The → Gratiae correspond to the Charites in the Roman pantheon.
Cháron:
In Greek mythology the ferry- man who rows the dead over the border river (Acheron, Styx) to the underworld, and delivers them at the entrance to Hades. He is paid by putting a coin (obolos) in the mouth of the dead person. Originally, Charon was a demon of death in the shape of a dog. He persists in modern Greek folklore as Charos, only now he rides a black horse which sweeps the dead along with it by means of its wooden saddle.
Cheíron:
(Chiron, Greek cheir hand) Originally a Thessalian god of the art of healing. He owes his name to his skill with his hands. In Greek mythology he is the son of → Kronos, a wise → Centaur, well-disposed towards men, who instructs → Asklepiós in the curative skills. In his cave on Mount Pelion he reared many famous heroes (Achilles, for example) until finally he was struck by a poisoned arrow fired by → Herakles, and voluntarily renounced his immortality in favour of → Prometheus.
Chímaira:
(Greek goat) A fabulous monster in Greek mythology: it has a lion’s forequarters, the body is that of a goat (with a goat’s head) and the tail is replaced by a snake. Homer tells us that the Chimaira is native to the coast of Lycia, and it is possible that it was originally a demon symbolizing the Lycian ‘earth- fire’. According to Vergil it lives at the entrance to the underworld. The monster was slain by the hero Bellerophon.
Chronos:
Personification of time, often coincident in the late classical period with the figure of → Aión. His portrayal as a bearded old man with sickle and hour-glass was particularly popular in the Renaissance and the Baroque periods.
Cyclops:
(Greek Kyklopes ‘round eyes’) In Homer, man-eating giants with one single eye in their foreheads. In Hesiod, they are the sons of → Gaia, who forge thunderbolts for → Zeus. Later, they came to be regarded as helpmates of → Hephaistos, and denizens of volcanic areas.

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Greek (D,E)
=========================================================================================================== Daimon:
In the Greek pantheon, the divine instance which allotted us our individual fate. In Homer, the Olympic gods are called daimones; but from Hesiod onwards they are understood as beings intermediate between gods and heroes, who may have a beneficent or a malevolent influence on human destiny. Popular belief took them as personal guardian spirits. In Greek philosophy, daimonion came to mean the divine spark in man. Under Roman, oriental and early Christian influence, however, demons ended up as sinister and evil spirits.
Daktyloi:
(Greek daktylos f inger) In Greek tradition, demonic beings who discovered the art of working in metal. They may originally have had phallic significance. They are indigenous to Asia Minor and Crete, and form part of the ret- inue of the Magna Mater. A distinction is often made between right-hand daktyloi, who worked as smiths, and left-hand dak- tyloi, who were active as sorcerers and magicians.
Dáphne:
(Greek laurel tree) Daughter of the river-god → Peneios. She was a beautiful nymph, who fled from → Apóllon when he was making advances to her. When Apóllon persisted in pursuing her, she was changed at her own wish into a laurel tree.
Demeter:
(abbreviated form Deo) Greek goddess of the earth and of fertility, daugh- ter of → Kronos and of → Rheia. While searching for her daughter → Persephone, stolen from her by → Hades, she was well received in Attika, and showed her thanks by teaching the king’s son Triptolemos how to organise his fields and planting. Her attribute is the ear of corn. Her epithet (melissa = bee) indicates her maternal and nourishing function. According to Hesiod, her liasion with Iason produced Plutos, the god of riches and the epitome of all the gifts of the earth. Her main feast was the Thesmophoria, a fertil- ity rite from which men were excluded; here, living piglets, snakes and pine-cones (as phallic symbols) were thrown into Demeter’s cave so that the generative power of the earth might be enhanced. The mysteries enacted in honour of Demeter at Eleusis took place in a shrine which was accessible only to initiates, who were bound by solemn vows to secrecy.
Diomédes:
One of the most celebrated Greek heroes in the Trojan Wars: proba- bly in origin an ancient war-god in Argos. This would explain why he is presented in the Iliad as an opponent equal in birth, if not superior to → Ares and → Aphrodíte. He is regarded as the founder of several towns in southern Italy, where he was subsequently revered as a god.
Diónysos:
Greek god of fertility, of wine and drunkenness. His name is taken to mean ‘son of Zeus’. His original home- land seems to have been Thrace and/or Asia Minor; his alternative name, Bakchos (Latin → Bacchus) may be of Lydian origin. According to the myth, his mother → Semele died when her lover → Zeus revealed himself to her in all his divine majesty as a bolt of lightning. Diónysos has several epithets; thus, Bromios (‘thun- derer’) and Lyaios (‘the deliverer’ of men from their cares). First and foremost, how- ever, he is the god who created the vine and caused milk and honey to flow from nature. His cult was tumultuous, ecstatic and orgiastic. Women (maenads or Bacchae) distracted by his influence ran and danced through the woods waving torches and thyrsus staves. The thyrsus staff entwined with ivy and vine and with a pine cone at the tip was the main attribute of the god; theriomorphically he was visualized as a goat or a bull, both of them symbols of animal fertility. In dionysiac processions a phallus was borne along. Dionysos was seen as a god who dies and is resurrected; and his entry into Athens on a ship on wheels was construed as a return from the underworld. In the later cult of Orphism he was equated with → Zagreus.
Dioskúroi:
(Greek ‘sons of Zeus’) The twin brothers Kastor and Polydeukes, a pair with many parallels in the mythol- ogy of other IndoGermanic peoples: e.g. in India, the Afvins, and among the German tribes the → Alcis. They came to live with men and helped them in battle and when they were in peril on the sea. In their cosmic function as sons of heaven they were thought of as theriomorphic; the Greeks called them leukippoi hav- ing white steeds. Their cult has also an astral aspect, and they figure in the Zodiac as Gemini, the Twins.
Dryads:
(Greek drys oak-tree) Female spirits of nature who live in trees (→ Nymphs) in Greek mythology. The fate of such a tree-nymph is closely con- nected with that of the tree she inhabits.

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Greek (E,F)
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Echidna:
(Greek snake) Demonic monster in Greek mythology, half-woman, half-snake. From her coupling with Typhon there arose → Kérberos and the → Chimaira.
Eileithyia:
(Latin Ilithyia) Greek goddess of birth, whose cult was particularly widespread on Crete and in Lakonia. Her name probably means ‘she who comes to help’. She was supposed to be the daughter of → Zeus and of → Hera. Later, → Artemis took over the functions of Eileithyia.
Eirene:
(Latin Irene) Greek goddess of peace, one of the three → Horae, the daughter of Zeus and of → Themis. In Athens she was worshipped from the end of the fifth century BC onwards. At the feast of Synoikia bloodless sacrifice was made to her.
Empusa:
A female monster in ancient Greek popular belief. She could appear as a beautiful maiden, but then again as a hideous ghost with the feet of an ass. Usually, she forms part of → Hekáte’s retinue.
Eos:
Greek goddess of the dawn, some- times also known as Hemera ( day). She is the ‘rosyfingered’, youthful and beautiful, sister of the sun (→ Hélios) and the moon (→ Seléne). Every morning she drives the team of horses which pull her chariot up from the depths of the ocean. When she weeps for her son Memnon who fell at Troy, her tears fall on the earth as dew. Her Roman counterpart is → Auróra.
Epaphos:
Son of → Zeus in his taurine metamorphosis, and → Io (in the form of a cow). A later Greek tradition makes Epaphos the progenitor of the Egyptians.
Erinyes:
(Greek pl.; sing. Erinys) Avenging goddesses of the underworld in Greek mythology. They arose from the drops of blood soaked up by the earth (→ Gaia) when Kronos mutilated his father. The Greek tragedians call them ‘the daughters of the night’. They are three in number, and bear the names Allekto (‘she who is unremitting’), Teisiphone (‘she who avenges murder’) and Megaira (‘she who is envious’). With snake-bedecked heads and waving threatening torches they come from the underworld to pursue all sinners, especially those who have killed members of their own family or close relatives. They were later presented in more favourable guise as the Semnai (‘the venerable ones’) or the Eumenides (‘the well-disposed’). In Rome, they were known as the Furiae (‘the mad ones’), furies.
Eris:
Greek goddess of dissension and strife, sister of the war-god → Ares. Hesiod makes a distinction between the fearsome Eris, the instigator of enmity and affliction, and the benevolent Eris who stimulates men to engage in competition. One of the best-known scenes in Greek mythology shows us Eris throwing an apple (the apple of contention) on which is written ‘for the fairest’, among the wedding guests, and thus provoking a quarrel among the goddesses present. Roman writers took Eris over under the name of Discordia ( dissension, the name of discord).
E ́ros:
Greek god of love, the son of → Aphrodíte and → Arés. Hesiod hymns his praises as the most beautiful of the gods. In popular belief and in classical art he is shown as the winged youth with his bow and arrows which he fires into the hearts of gods and men, thus awakening them to love. He also fosters friendship between men and boys, and this is why the Spartans paid homage to him before battle. His cult in Thespiai in Boeotia, was of very ancient standing: here he was worshipped in the form of a stone. His power to arouse and move the world led the Orphic cults to recognize him as creator of the world. → Ámor is the corresponding figure among the Romans.
Eunomía:
(‘heavenly order’) One of the → Horae, who were entrusted with the job of looking after the gates of heaven and of Olympus.
Euros:
Greek god of the wind which blows from the south-east. His epithet is Argestes, i.e. ‘he who clears up’. Like the other wind-gods associated with different quarters of the heavens he is a son of → Eos.
Eutérpe:
(‘she who brings joy’) One of the nine → Muses. She is portrayed playing a double flute, thus representing lyrical poetry accompanied by flutes.

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Gaia :
Ge earth) Greek goddess; together with Chaos and → Éros she belongs to the first principles of the cosmos. From her are born heaven (→ Uranós) and sea (→ Pontos). Made pregnant by Uranós, she gives birth to the → Titans and the → Cyclops. Her union with the underworld (Tartaros) results in the birth of the monster → Typhón. It was in Attica alone that Gaia was of religious significance. In Homer, she is invoked in oaths along with the sun (→ Hélios). In art, her beneficent fecundity is often symbolized by attributes such as a cornucopia and the fruits of the earth.
Ganymédes:
Originally perhaps a demonic guardian of the well of life. In Greek saga he appears as a beautiful youth. → Zeus falls in love with him, and sends his eagle to abduct the youth and bring him to Olympus. There, he becomes the cup-bearer of the gods, who gives them their daily life-giving draught. In the late Hellenistic and Roman periods Ganymede was transferred to the heavens in the shape of Aquarius the Waterbearer.
Giants:
(Gigantes) In Greek mythol- ogy, a savage race of giants born from the earth (ge genis), implacable adversaries of the Olympian gods. They arose from the drops of blood spilt on the earth (→ Gaia) by the emasculated → Uranós. It is possible that the gigantes were originally embodiments of natural earth forces, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. In their struggle with the gigantes (gigan- tomachia) the gods can only win with the help of a mortal (→ Heraklés).
Glaúkos:
(Greek bluish-green) A sea-god known for his gift of prophecy who was very popular among sailors and fishermen in the ancient world. The legend is that he was once a fisherman himself who became a god when he ate of a magic herb and jumped into the sea. On occasion, he shares with other sea-gods the name halios geron (‘the old man of the sea’).
Gorgons:
In Greek mythology, the three daughters of the sea-god → Phorkys, named Stheno, Euryale and Medusa. They were winged creatures, with snakes for hair and prominent tongues. The gorgonaion, a representation of the horrifying head of the gorgo, was used in temples and at graves to ward off evil powers. Alone among the three sisters Medusa was mortal, and when → Perseus struck off her head, the goddess → Athéne fixed it to her shield. Reference to ‘the gorgon’ in the singular is always to Medusa.
Hades:
(Aidoneus, from Greek aides the invisible one) Greek god of the underworld, son of → Kronos and of → Rheia, husband of → Persephóne. His name is no doubt connected with the magic cap conferring invisibility which Hades possessed. As Pylartes (‘closer of gates’) the god watches over the entrance to his realm, to ensure that no one who enters can turn and go back. His cult seems to have been confined to Pylos. As the interior of the earth has treasure hidden in it, he was also called Plutos ( plutos riches) and coupled with → Plutos. His Roman counterpart is → Orcus.
Harpies:
(Greek harpyiai the snatchers) Female malevolent demons in Greek mythology. They are variously named – Aello, Aellopus, Podarge, Okypete, Kelaino – but all the names suggest the stormy wind. They are described as hideous hybrids, part woman, part bird.
Hekate:
A goddess in Greek mythology who origi- nally hailed from Asia Minor (Caria). She does not appear in Homer. She is a chthonic deity, the mistress of all sorts of nocturnal nastiness, including necromancy. Her ghostly aspect is indicated in her epithet Antaia (‘she who encounters you’): on her nocturnal hunt she could spell disaster for those who met her. She has snakes in her hair, she carries a torch, and is attended by howling dogs. In spite of all this, she was a popular goddess, and in Athens there was a small altar to her in front of every house. Hekáte was also seen as the goddess of cross-roads. In this capacity she was called Enodia or Trioditis, and was then depicted as three-headed or with three bodies.
Hélios:
Greek sun-god, the son of the → Titan → Hyperion and the female Titan Theia; brother of the moon-god → Seléne. Hélios is he who sees all and hears all, and who is invoked as witness to an oath sworn. As god of light he can make the blind see – but equally he can strike sinners blind. He played little part in Greek religious observance, though he was worshipped on Rhodes and, to some extent, in the Peloponnese. In art, Hélios was often represented driving a chariot drawn by four (often winged) horses, his head surrounded by a halo of rays. In late classical times he was equated with → Apóllon. His Roman counterpart was → Sol.
Hephaistos:
(Latin Hephaestus) Greek god of fire, of smiths and craftsmen. The son of → Zeus and of → Hera.As he was lame when he came into the world, his mother threw him out of Olympus. In his underworld smithy he fashions pre- cious weapons and implements, e.g. the sceptre of Zeus, the chariot of → Hélios and the aegis of → Athená. In his work, he is helped by the → Cyclops. In origin, Hephaistos was a god of Asia Minor; and on the island of Lemnos he was revered as the embodiment of the fire which breaks out of the earth. At the end of the sixth century BC his cult reached Athens. The Romans identified him with → Vulcanus.
Hera:
(Here) Greek goddess, daughter of → Kronos and of → Rheia, sister and wife of → Zeus, the king of the gods. She is the mother of → Arés, → Hephaistos, → Eileithyia and of → Hébe. She keeps a jealous eye on her divine husband, whose amorous liaisons infuriate her. Hera was invoked as the guardian of wedlock and she also figured as goddess of childbirth. In Athens and on the island of Samos her union with Zeus was celebrated as ‘holy wedlock’ (hieros gamos). She was a par- ticular object of veneration for women, and her epithet was teleia, i.e. ‘she who brings fulfilment’. The main centre of her cult was in Argos, and hence she was also known as Argeia. Her sacred animal was the cow, and among her attributes were the peacock and the insignia of her status as queen of the gods, the diadem and sceptre. Her Roman counterpart was → Juno.
Heraklés:
(Greek ‘made famous by (the land of ) Hera’) Son of → Zeus, the father of the gods, and the mortal Alkmene. Jealous as usual, the god’s wife → Hera dispatched two snakes to finish the infant Herakles off, but he strangled them in his cradle. The twelve labours (dodekathlos) in the service of King Eurystheus, ending with his conquest of → Kérberos, the hound of hell, and his voluntary death on the pyre on Mount Oite, mark his progress from hero to immortal; finally he is received into Olympus and → Hébe is given to him as his wife. In his aspect as kallinikos, the radiant victor in all forms of contest, he became the national hero of the Greeks. Among the ordinary people he was very popular as someone one could turn to in need, and a protector against all sorts of unpleasantness (alexikalos). Young people especially saw in him their protector, and they called him Herakles Enagonios. The cult of this demi-god was also widespread in Italy (→ Hércules). Among his attributes is the skin of the Nemean lion.
Hércules:
The Latin name of the Greek → Heraklés. The demi-god had himself travelled far and wide, and it was fitting that he should become god of trade and traffic in goods and patron of traders. In Rome’s imperial age, as the invincible conqueror of all diff iculties (Hércules invictus) and the benefactor of mankind, he was magnified into the epitome of all the imperious and imperial virtues.
Hérmes:
One of the most popular of all Greek gods; the son of → Zeus and the mountain nymph → Maía. Sacred to him were the piles of stones erected in ancient Greece to guide travellers – hence, presumably, his name (Greek hermaion pile of stones). In front of Greek houses stone pillars used to stand (hermen) in which Hérmes was supposed to reside in order to protect the dwelling from harm. In this capacity, the god was known as Pylaios or Propylaios. Hérmes is the messenger of the gods, equipped with herald’s staff (kerykeion), winged shoes and hat; he is protector of tradesmen and travellers – but also of thieves. The myth relates how Hérmes while still a small boy, stole a herd of cat- tle belonging to his brother → Apóllon. In his aspect of psychopompos he leads the souls of the dead into the beyond. He is also ‘the good shepherd’ and is often por- trayed carrying a ram under his arm or over his shoulder (kriophoros ram- bearer). As god of herds and flocks he has the epithet Nomios. He has in addition a happy relationship with music, and is said to have invented the lyre. His Roman coun- terpart was → Mercurius.
Hesperides:
Greek nymphs who guard the tree with the golden apples in the gar- den of the gods, along with the dragon → Ladon. They were supposed to be daugh- ters of the night (→ Nyx) or of the giant → Atlas.
Hestia:
(Greek hearth) Greek goddess of the heart and its fire: daughter of → Kronos and of → Rheia. The hearth was the sacred focus of the household, the central point which vouch-safed protec- tion: and here a small sacrifice was made to the goddess before meals. The corresponding f igure in the Roman pantheon was → Vésta.
Horae:
(Greek horai) The Greek god- desses of the three seasons: Spring, Summer and Winter. Originally they represented the seasonal forces of growth. The Athenians called them Thallo (goddess of blossom), Auxo (goddess of growth) and Karpo (goddess of ripened fruit). According to Hesiod they are the daughters of → Themis, and have ethical significance: their names in this version are → Eunomía (law and order), → Díke (justice) and → Eirene (peace).
Hyákinthos:
(Latin Hyacínthus) Pre- Hellenic god of vegetation whose death symbolizes the decay and rebirth of nature. In Greek myth he was a favourite of → Apóllon. He was killed by an unlucky throw of the discus, and from the blood of the beautiful youth there grew the flower known after him as the hyacinth. In Amyklai in Sparta he was accounted a hero, whose grave was supposed to be under the throne of Apóllon.
Hygíeia:
Greek goddess of good health, daughter of the god of healing → Asklepiós. The creature sacred to her is the snake, and she is depicted giving it water in a bowl or a drinking vessel.
Hymén:
(also as Hyménaios) Greek god of weddings, who was solemnly invoked as part of every marriage cele- bration. He was supposed to be the son of → Dionysius and of → Aphrodíte, though sometimes → Apóllon and a muse are said to be his parents. He was represented as a winged youth carrying a wedding torch and a garland.
Hypnos:
Greek god of sleep, the son of night (→ Nyx), and brother of death (→ Thanatos). In art, he is usually depicted as a winged youth with a poppy- stalk and a small horn in his hands. The Romans called him Somnus.
Inó:
In Greek myth, the daughter of King Kadmos of Phoenicia. Fleeing from her husband Athamas, she throws herself into the sea, where she is sympathetically received by the → Nereids, and elevated to the rank of a sea-goddess, under the name of Leukothea.
Io:
In Greek mythology, the daughter of Inachos, the King of Argos. She was a priestess serving the morally strict → Hera, who was outraged to find → Zeus making love to her. There are differing ver- sions of what happened next: one tradition says that Zeus turned Io into a cow to hide her identity; another agrees about the cow but asserts that Hera did this to punish her. In any case, Io was handed over to the hundred-eyed watchman → Árgos for safe-keeping. Zeus organized her escape, and she wandered restlessly over the earth until she reached Egypt where her human form was restored to her, and she gave birth to → Epaphos. The Greeks resident in the Nile delta equated her with → Isis, who was usually represented with cow’s horns.
Iris:
(Greek rainbow) A sister of the → Harpies, a virgin goddess who hastens down from Olympus as messenger of the gods bearing the commandments of → Zeus and → Hera. She is usually shown as winged and bearing the herald’s staff.

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Greek (J-M)
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Kabiroi:
(Greek kabiroi) In origin, ori- ental vegetation-deities in Asia Minor, whose cult reached Greece via the Aegean, especially the islands of Samothrace and Lemnos, where it was transformed under the influence of Orphic ideas. The Kabiroi were now seen as the sons of → Hephaistos; they were invoked as ‘great gods’ and had their own mysteries. They were usually conceived of as twins, and often equated with the → Dioskúroi as protectors of seafarers.
Kalypso:
A Greek nymph who rescues the castaway Odysseus and keeps him with her for seven years. Her name comes from the Greek verb kalypto to cover, conceal; and this has prompted the suggestion that she is really a goddess of death.
Kékrops:
In Greek tradition, the primeval autochthonous man born from the earth, with legs like snakes; also, the first king of the Athenians. In a dispute between → Poseidon and → Athená, he acted as arbiter. His three daughters, known as the Argaulides (‘field-girls’) had divine status, and were so revered.
Kérberos (Latin form Cerberus):
Greek hound of hell, with three heads cov- ered with snakes. The son of → Typhón and → Echidna. It greets new arrivals in hell by wagging its tail obsequiously, but woe betide those who try to get out. Only → Heraklés was able to overcome it.
Kirke (Latin form Circe):
The daughter of the Greek sun-god → Hélios; a highly skilled magician, who turned the companions of Odysseus into pigs.
Klio (Greek kleió ‘she who praises’; in Latin Clio):
The muse usually associated with the study of history; her attribute is a parchment scroll.
Kore-Arethusa:
A Greek goddess por- trayed on coins from Syracuse and Carthage; interpreted by the Carthaginians as a form of → Astarte-Tinnit. Her charac- teristic symbol is a woman’s head adorned with ears of corn – a reference to Kore (→ Persephóne) who took over the life- giving aspect of Arethusa, the ancient Greek goddess of wells and springs.
Krónos:
In origin, a pre-Greek fertility god who underlies the harvest feast of the kronia (cf. the Roman Saturnalia). In Greek mythology, Kronos is a Titan, the son of the sky-god → Uranós and the earth-goddess → Gaia. He attacked his father, castrated him and took over world dominion. To protect himself from a sim- ilar fate, he swallowed all his children except → Zeus, in place of whom his wife → Rheia handed him a stone wrapped in napkins. Zeus grew up in hiding and was finally able to dethrone his father and hurl him into Tartaros.
Kurétes:
Cretan demons closely con- nected with vegetation, whose antecedents go back to pre-Greek times. They were often equated with the → Korybantes. In Greek myth they perform noisy and war- like dances to protect the infant → Zeus from → Krónos.
Kybéle (also Kybebe; Latin Cybele):
The Phrygian Magna Mater; in origin, probably a mountain goddess with dwarfs as servants. From Mount Ida she received her epithet of Idaea Mater, and in myth she also appears as → Agdistis. Her cult spread far and wide across the Aegean, and she herself was aligned with the mother goddesses of the Greeks, → Demeter and → Rheia. In the year 205/204 BC the black stone sacred to her was brought from Pessinus in Phrygia to Rome. In art, she is shown in a chariot drawn by lions and panthers. Her attributes are a mirror and a pomegranate, often also a key. As protective deity of towns, she is also entitled to wear a castellated crown. She is accompanied by a demonic retinue of ecstatically dancing → Korybantes. Kybéle was venerated as queen of nature and of fertility; her priests were the castrated Galloi. Her own cult was bound up with that of her lover → Attis. The faithful believed that through her mysteries they would achieve rebirth to a new life.
Ladon:
In Greek mythology, a demonic reptilian dragon which guards over the tree with the golden apples in the garden of the → Hesperides.
Lamia (‘she who swallows up’):
This vampire-like spirit which abducts little children and sucks people’s blood figured in popular belief in ancient Greece and continues to do so in modern Greece. It is similar to the Roman → Lemures.
Leda:
In Greek myth, the mother of → Kastor and Polydeukes; also of → Heléne, after Zeus had mated with her in the form of a swan. It is possible that Leda developed from an ancient earth and mother goddess in Asia Minor; there was a Lycian word lada meaning ‘woman’.
Leto (Latin Latona):
In Greek mythology, the daughter of the → Titan Kois and of Phoibe. Impregnated by → Zeus, she went to the island of Delos where she bore the heavenly twins → Apóllon and → Artemis. The name Leto is connected by philologists with the Lycian word lada woman, wife; it may possibly reflect an earlier deity once worshipped in Asia Minor.
Logos (Greek word, reason):
The ‘world principle’ in Stoicism, the most powerful philosophical movement in the Hellenistic age. As logos spermatikos it is the power that informs all things and brings all things about. It is the divine spirit, indeed God himself, from which the other, mythological gods have arisen. With Philo of Alexandria, the Logos takes on personal and anthropomorphic charac- teristics. In the New Testament, the Logos is used as a designation of the person of Jesus as the son of God.
Maía (Greek little mother):
Originally perhaps an earth-goddess known already in pre-Greek times. The myth makes her a mountain nymph who is one of the → Pleiades. Her marriage to → Zeus takes place on the Arcadian mountain Kyllene, and → Hérmes is born of their union.
Medeia (Latin Medea):
In Greek myth, the daughter, skilled in magic, of King Aietes of Colchis, and the grand-daughter of the sun-god → Hélios. When Jason arrives with the Argonauts, she helps him to steal the Golden Fleece. When Jason proves unfaithful to her, after their mar- riage, she punishes him by slaying her own children. It is likely that Medeia is a later version of an ancient Thessalian goddess reminiscent of → Hekáte.
Melpoméne:
(Greek melpein to sing) One of the nine → Muses, usually the one associated with singing and tragedy. She can be identified by her cothurni (the high shoes, bound with cords, worn by actors) and her mask; often she carries a garland of vineleaves as well.
Minos:
In Greek myth, the son of → Zeus and the Phoenician princess Europa. Because of his exemplary rule as king over Crete he was translated after death to the underworld, there to judge the dead (cf. → Aiakós). Minos displays traits of a bull revered as a god.
Minotauros:
In Greek myth a fabulous being with a human body and a bull’s head. It was kept captive in the labyrinth by the Cretan king → Minos, and finally slain by the Athenian hero → Theseus.
Momos:
In Greek religion the personification of blame, censure. Hesiod describes Momos as one of the sons of night.
Mormo:
A ghost and bogeyman in Greek popular belief.
Muses:
The daughters of the Greek father of the gods → Zeus and of → Mnemosine. They dwell on Olympus and regale the gods with their song, led by → Apóllon. Later, each Muse was given a specific field of art and science: thus, to → Erato was allotted love poetry, → Eutérpe playing the flute and lyric poetry, → Kalliópe epic poetry and philosophy, → Klio history, → Melpoméne tragedy, → Polyhymnia, song accompanied by musi- cal instruments, → Terpsichore dance, → Thalia comedy and → Urania astronomy. Here and there the Muses were revered as nymphs of wells and springs, and the Kastalia spring on Mount Parnassus was particularly sacred to them.

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Quite a few deities to wade through, and we're not yet done with the Greeks.
Let alone the assignment (Egypt still needs some work on that as well).

The Routledge Dictionary sure is handy.

Post automatically merged: Jan 16, 2024

Taking a break from research until tomorrow.

Diluculo_DelFuego · Jan 19, 2024

Ive been wanting to get back to this journal, so today is as good a day as any other. Looks like N to R are called for today, and will finish the rest within a couple of days.
There is also the matter of the original assignment still to be done for both Egyptian and Greek, to be followed up with Near East, Europe and the Americas. Asia would be likewise interesting but less interesting to me than the others.

Post automatically merged: Jan 19, 2024

Greek (N-R)
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Naiads (Naiades) :
→ Nymphs who dwell in springs, pools and rivers.
Narkissos (Latin Narcissus) :
Son of the Greek river-god Kephissos and the → Naiad Leirope. In unrequited love for his own image reflected in the water, he wasted away until he was transformed into the flower which now bears his name.
Nemesis:
A Greek goddess who saw to it that justice and luck were evenly distributed in human life and who meted out due punishment for misdeeds and arrogance (hubris). The name is connected with the root nemein in the sense of ‘apportionment of what is proper, due’. The cult of Nemesis centred round Rhamnus in Attica and in Smyrna. In the Hellenistic period, Nemesis was regarded as the goddess of the agone (sporting competitions of all sorts) and under the Roman Empire she was honoured in amphitheatres and at racecourses.
Nereids :
The fifty daughters of the Greek sea-god Nereus. As → Nymphs dwelling in the sea they form the retinue of → Poseidon. Two of them, → Amphitríte and → Thetis, deserve special mention. The Nereids live on in the Greek mind today as gentle fairies.
Nereus :
The Greek god of water, especially of the sea; the son of → Pontos and the earth-goddess → Gaia, and father of the → Nereids. Like other sea-gods, he has the gift of prophecy, and is able to change his appearance at will.
Nike:
Greek goddess mentioned first in Hesiod. She is the personification of victory which is given by → Zeus or by → Athená. She is mostly portrayed as a winged messenger of the gods, with laurel wreath, girdle and palm-leaf. Her Roman counterpart is → Victoria.
Nymphs (Greek nymphe young woman) :
For the Greeks, these were female nature deities of a lower order than gods; but they were sometimes regarded as demons also, especially when accompanied by satyrs and → Silene as their male partners. They dwelt in the mountains and in caves (oreades), in the sea (→ Nereids), in springs and pools (→ Naiads) and in trees (→ Dryads). In Greek myth they are called ‘daughters of Zeus’, and in popular belief they were regarded as conferring fertility. As a rule, they appeared in groups, often in the retinue of → Dionysos and sometimes led by → Hérmes, whose own mother was a nymph (→ Maía). In the Hellenistic- Roman period they were regarded mainly as water-spirits, and duly represented with water-pot or mussel shell. The building concerned with the provision of water in a Greek city was called the numphaion (Latin nymphaeum).
Nyx :
In Greek cosmogony, the personification of the night. She was regarded as a primeval goddess in whose presence Zeus himself was awe-struck and apprehensive. She was derived from Chaos, and gave birth to the heavens (aither) and day (hemera). Her sons were sleep (→ Hypnos) and death (→ Thanatos).
Okeanides :
The sons of the Greek water-god → Okeanos; they are principally river-gods, as, e.g. → Acheloos.
Okeaninai :
The daughters of → Okeanos and of → Tethys. The best- known of them are → Styx, and Doris, who provided the sea-god → Nereus with fifty daughters.
Okeanos :
The designation of the representative of the waters which girdle the earth, and from which all springs, rivers and lakes derive. The etymology of the name remains a mystery. Okeanos was supposed to be the son of the sky-god (→ Uranós) and the earth-goddess (→ Gaia) and husband of → Tethys. He is portrayed as bearded and carrying a water-pot or urn.
Oreades :
In Greek mythology → nymphs who lived in the mountains and in caves.
Orion :
Son of the Greek sea-god → Poseidon. He was a mighty hunter who was abducted by → Eos to be her lover. But the Olympians begrudged Eos her possession of the beautiful youth, and he was killed by an arrow from → Artemis; according to another version, however, he was slain because he made sexual advances to the goddess herself or to one of her nymphs. Orion was elevated to the stars, where his constellation is still to be seen.
Orpheus :
The son of the Thracian river-god Oiagros and the Muse → Kalliópe. Apóllon is often said to be his father. Orpheus can charm plants and animals with his singing and his luteplaying. When his wife Eurydice died, he moved the gods of the under- world so deeply with his singing that they restored her to him – but she had to go back to the underworld again because Orpheus disobeyed the command of the gods and looked round at her. Later, he was torn to pieces by Thracian Maenads and interred by the → Muses.
Pan :
A god of fields and woods originating in Arcadia; the son of the god of herds → Hérmes and a nymph. He was represented with the horns and legs of a billy-goat, and it is in the guise of a randy goat that we see the mythical Pan pursu- ing → Nymphs. One of them, called Syrinx, changed herself into a reed to escape his clutches – so Pan cut several reeds and made himself the pan-pipes (syrinx). He had a habit of appearing out of the blue, especially in the hush of the noonday heat, and this caused panic among men and animals. The tale that Plutarch tells about the death of Pan shows that he was a vegetation-god. The name ‘Pan’ was not been satisfactorily explained; it has been connected with the Greek word pan meaning ‘all’, which would elevate Pan to the status of an omnipotent or all-embracing deity. His counterpart among the Roman gods was → Faunus. In late medieval speculation he was seen simply as the devil.
Pandora :
Created by → Hephaistos at the behest of → Zeus, and equipped with every seductive gift, she was dispatched to earth as the first woman. With her she had a box (really a barrel: in Greek pithos) containing sorrow and misfortune. It is possible that she is a later version of an ancient earth-goddess, as the name, which means ‘she who gives all’ or ‘she who is rich in gifts’ has been applied to such a goddess also.
Peithó :
A Greek goddess, the personification of persuasion. She appears in the retinue of → Aphrodíte.
Peneios :
A Thessalian river and its god who was a son of → Okeanos and of → Tethys. His daughter was → Dáphne.
Persé (Perseis) :
The wife of the Greek sun-god → Hélios. She embodies the underworld aspect of the moon-goddess. Another name for her is Neaira the new one, i.e. the new moon. Her children were → Kirke and → Pasiphae.
Persephóne (also Persephassa; in Latin Proserpina) :
In Greek myth, the daughter of → Zeus, and wife of → Hades, who abducted her as a small girl (hence her name of Kore). Thereafter, she spends one- third of the year in the underworld (during this time the plants wither) and two-thirds of the year with her mother, the earth- goddess → Demeter. Both Demeter and Persephone were venerated as goddesses of vegetation, and their myth was solemnly enacted in the Eleusinian mysteries. The plants consecrated to Persephone are the ear of corn and the pomegranate.
Perses (Persaios) :
A Titan-like god of light, the son of → Perseus. From his union with Asteria, the stellar goddess, was born → Hekáte.
Perseus :
Son of → Zeus, who united with Danae in the form of a golden rain. Perseus was charged by Polydektes, king of Seriphos, to bring him the head of the → Gorgon Medusa, whose glance turned all those who met it to stone. The → Nymphs gave him winged sandals and a cap which conferred invisibility, and from the gods he received a sickle- shaped sword with which he struck off the gorgon’s head. On the way back to Seriphos, he rescued Andromeda from a sea-monster.
Phaéthon (‘the shining one’) :
The son of the Greek sun-god → Hélios, who once allowed him to drive the sun-chariot. But Phaéthon was too weak to control the fiery solar steeds: he came too close to the earth and caused a terrible fire. Whereupon → Zeus hurled him in a flash of lightning into a stream, on whose banks his grieving sisters, the Heliades, were transformed into trees which drip amber tears.
Phanes (Greek he who appears) :
In Orphic teaching regarding the creation, the first god who arose from the primeval egg which emerged from → Chronos. An older source has him sitting ‘in the untrodden (space) of the cave of the night’. Yet another tradition says that holy night (→ Nyx) is his daughter, and from their union heaven and earth were gener- ated. In a sense, then, Phanes is the solar potentiality breaking forth from primeval darkness, and thus semantically coincident with → Mithras.
Phorkys (also Phorkos) :
A Greek sea- god, whose epithet was krataios ‘the strong one’. He was the husband of Keto (ketos was a sea-monster), and their children were the hideous → Graii and the terrifying → Gorgons. Hesiod says that Phorkys was a son of the earth-goddess → Gaia and the sea-god → Pontos.
Phosphóros (‘he who brings light’: also known as Heosphoros) :
The Greek god of the morning star. He was represented as a naked, winged youth hurrying ahead of his mother → Eos, or the sun-god → Hélios, with a torch in his hand. In Latin he was called Lucifer.
Pleiades :
In Greek myth, the seven daughters of → Atlas, who were pursued by → Orion the hunter, and who were, for their own protection, placed by Zeus in heaven as a constellation.
Plutos :
The Greek god of riches: first and foremost, the benefactor who gave mankind the boon of farming, and, as such, the son of the earth-goddess → Demeter and of the mortal Iasion, who was said to be the first sower of seed. Plutos had a temple in Eleusis but seems to have played no other role in rit- ual observances. In one of Aristophanes’ comedies, the god appears as an old blind man who distributes his gifts in a very haphazard and unfair way. In sculpture he is usually portrayed as a boy with a cornucopia, often on the arm of → Eirene.
Podaleirios :
The son of the Greek god of healing → Asklepiós. He was a doctor in the Greek army besieging Troy, and was revered as a Great Healer in Asia Minor and in Thessaly.
Polydeukes → Kastor
Polyhymnia (also Polymnia) :
The → Muse of grave and solemn song accompanied by instruments. Her name means ‘she who is rich in songs’. She is generally represented without any sort of attri- bute, in a posture of earnest meditation.
Polyphem (Greek Pol[phemos) :
The one-eyed son of the sea-god → Poseidon, and the nymph Thoosa. He was one of the → Cyclops, in whose cave Odysseus and his companions find themselves.
Pontos:
The classical Greek word for ‘sea’, and the name of a sea-god. His union with his mother → Gaia produced the sea-gods → Nereus and → Phorkys.
Poseidon:
Greek sea-god, the son of → Kronos and of → Rhea. The name is already attested in Mycenaean times, but the etymological meaning is not clear. In Homer, he rates as one of the most powerful gods along with the lord of heaven → Zeus, and the god of the underworld → Hades. He sends storms and earthquakes, but he may also favour the traveller with a good voy- age. In origin, Poseidon was possibly an old fertility god, in the shape of a horse, and venerated as the patron of horse- breeding; later on, the horse figured as his sacred animal, and in Corinth horse-races were held in his honour. As the god of earthquakes, he bore the name Enosigaios, ‘earth-shaker’. Originally he was armed with lightning flashes, later replaced by the trident – the symbol of f ishing. As Phytalmios, promoter of growth, he was close to the earth-goddess → Demeter, and as sea-god he had → Amphitríte to wife. Among his many chil- dren borne by various wives are → Antaíos, → Orion and → Polyphem. His Roman counterpart is → Neptunus.
Prometheus (‘he who thinks things out in advance’) :
The son of the Titan → Iapetos, who stole fire from the gods and gave it to man. As a punishment, he was chained to a rock in the Caucasus, and an eagle fed daily on his liver, which was self-restoring. Finally he was released by → Heraklés. Prometheus was a culture- hero who brought man not only fire but also handicrafts and art, and he was revered in Athens as the patron of craftsmen, particularly potters. One tradition makes him out to be the actual creator of the human race, as he formed men and women from clay and water.
Proteus :
A divine ‘old man of the sea’ in Greek mythology. He was able to assume various shapes. He had oracular powers, and anyone smart enough to get hold of him could benefit from these.
Python :
A dragon which guarded the oracle of its mother, the earth-goddess → Gaia, in Delphi. It was finally slain by → Apóllon.
Rhadámanthys :
The brother of the Cretan king → Minos: he rules over the Islands of the Blessed, whither are sent the souls of heroes beloved of the gods.
Rheia (Rhea) :
The daughter of the sky- god → Uranós and the earth-goddess → Gaia, sister and wife of → Kronos and mother of → Zeus, → Poseidon, → Hades and → Hera. She was later equated with the Anatolian mother of the gods → Kybéle.

Journal My Compendium of God(desse)s

Magus

Disciple

Magus

Apostle

Magus

Apostle

Disciple

Apostle

Disciple

Magus

Disciple

Apostle

Magus

Acolyte

Magus

Disciple

Magus

Disciple

Magus

Magus